Test Answers on Chapter 8 Study Guide – Flashcards
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Francis Xavier
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Early Jesuit missionary often called the Apostle to the Indies. He was an associate of St Ignatius of Loyola, with whom he took the vow founding the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). From 1541 he traveled through India, Japan, and the East Indies, making many converts.
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Ignatius of Loyola
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This was the man who started the Jesuit movement to help people to find God around the world
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indulgence
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A pardon for sin that can be bought
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Catherine de Medici
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(1547-1589 - The wife of Henry II (1547-1559) of France, who exercised political influence after the death of her husband and during the rule of her weak sons
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Desiderius Erasmus
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(1469-1536) Dutch humanist. He was one of the greatest scholars of the Northern Renaissance. He was the first editor of the New Testament.
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heresy
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Any belief that is strongly opposed to established beliefs
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predestination
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Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life.
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Mary I
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"Bloody Mary". Super-Catholic. Married PHILIP II of Spain. KILLED PROTESTANTS, or exiled them.
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Charles V
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Holy Roman emperor (1519-1558) and king of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556). He summoned the Diet of Worms (1521) and the Council of Trent (1545-1563).
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Edict of Nantes
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1598 - Granted the Huguenots in France liberty of conscience and worship.
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Martin Luther
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16th century German monk and professor who is considered to be the person who started the Protestant Reformation; he began by criticizing Church practices (mainly indulgences) and ultimately broke with the Catholic Church to form his own new religious faith
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puritans
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A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom.
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30 Years War
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(1618-1648); Holy Roman emperor's attempt to force Bohemians to return to Roman Catholic church.
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Spanish Inquisition
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An organization of priests in Spain that looked for and punished anyone suspected of secretly practicing their old religion instead of Catholicism.
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seminary
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school were people learn to become a priest or another job in the clergy
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huguenots
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name for Protestants in France
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John Calvin
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1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings.
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Counter Reformation
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movement made by the Catholic Church to stop the uprising of Protestant religions
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James I
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king who persecuted Puritans in England
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Henry VIII
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(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.
