Home Page Arts And Humanities Philosophy Applied Philosophy AP Psychology Chapter 8 Quizzes - Flashcards

Chapter 8 Quizzes – Flashcards

Bernice Cooper

7 July 2022

question

When Megan goes out to buy cosmetics, she reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Megan's self-reminder illustrates the use of a ________.

answer

heuristic

question

The inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called a ________.

answer

fixation

question

A factory foreman mistakenly believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard. As a result, he keeps a sharp eye out for signs of laziness among senior workers. His supervision strategy best illustrates ________.

answer

confirmation bias

question

Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit ________.

answer

overconfidence

question

In the English language, adjectives are typically placed before nouns, as in "green car." This illustrates an English language rule of a ________.

answer

syntax

question

Vocal sounds that are not included in a person's native language first begin to disappear from use during the ________ stage of language development.

answer

babbling

question

Telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the ________ stage of language development.

answer

two-word

question

The older a person is when moving to a new country, the harder it is to learn the language. This best illustrates the importance of a ________ for learning language.

answer

critical period

question

Managers who want to foster creativity in the workplace should try to increase the ________ of their employees.

answer

intrinsic motivation

question

When Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister's opinion, she controls her own anger and responds to her sister with empathy. Her behavior best illustrates ________.

answer

emotional intelligence

question

An 8-year-old whose score on the original Stanford-Binet was typical of an average 10-year-old was said to have an IQ of ________.

answer

125

question

Before publishing her test of musical aptitude, Professor Reed gave it to a representative sample of people. This was most clearly necessary for test ________.

answer

standardization

question

When retested on the WAIS, people's second scores generally match their first scores quite closely. This indicates that the test has a high degree of ________.

answer

reliability

question

Intelligence test scores are LEAST similar for ________ reared together.

answer

nontwin siblings

question

Stereotype threat stimulates ________ expectations.

answer

self-confirming

question

To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of an ________.

answer

algorithm

question

The easier it is for people to remember being betrayed by a friend, the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of the ________.

answer

availability heuristic

question

In his business dealings, Max finds that a tough competitive style of behavior is most effective. He uses the same tactics with his girlfriend, who would actually be more impressed by cooperative tenderness. Max's oversight best illustrates a ________.

answer

fixation

question

College students are more likely to use a condom when told that it has a 95 percent success rate than when told it has a 5 percent failure rate. This best illustrates the impact of ________.

answer

framing

question

Professor Chadwick evaluated a graduate student's research proposal negatively simply because he had heard a rumor about the student's incompetence. When later informed that the rumor had been patently false, the professor's assessment of the student's research proposal remained almost as negative as it was originally. This best illustrates ________.

answer

belief perserverence

question

The two-word stage of language development typically begins at the age of ________ months.

answer

question

Research suggests that humans can most easily master the grammar of a second language during ________.

answer

childhood

question

Introductory psychology students performed best on a midterm psychology test if they had previously spent five minutes a day visualizing themselves ________.

answer

studying effectively

question

Although diagnosed with autism and hardly able to speak sensibly, 18-year-old Keith can produce intricate and detailed drawings of scenes he has viewed only once. Keith illustrates a condition known as ________.

answer

savant syndrome

question

University students who focus on the interest and challenge of their schoolwork rather than on simply meeting deadlines and securing good grades are especially likely to demonstrate ________.

answer

creativity

question

A high school counselor gave Elena a test designed to predict whether she could learn to become a successful architect. Elena most likely took a(n) ________ test.

answer

aptitude

question

The first modern test of intelligence was developed in ________.

answer

France

question

Xavier's bathroom scale always overstates people's actual weight by exactly six pounds. The scale has ________ reliability and ________ validity.

answer

high; low

question

The extent to which differences in intelligence among a group of people can be attributed to genetic factors is known as the ________ of intelligence.

answer

heritability

question

Women have been found to score lower on math tests when they are tested alongside men. This best illustrates the impact of ________.

answer

stereotype threat

question

The most common form of thinking involves mental representations called ________.

answer

concepts

question

Some thinking depends on verbal concepts, while another kind of thinking involves manipulating ________.

answer

mental images

question

Which of these activities is not an example of thinking with verbal concepts?

answer

doing a jigsaw puzzle

question

Shepard and Metzler found that the reaction time for solving mental rotation tasks ________ as the difference in orientation ________ from zero to 180 degrees.

answer

increased; increased

question

Research on mental rotation found that males performed ________ than females at almost every orientation.

answer

faster

question

Each hemisphere in our brain has unique abilities. This is called hemispheric ________.

answer

specialization

question

Paul Broca's patient was unable to ________. The location of the patient's brain damage led Broca to speculate that language was processed in the ________ hemisphere of the brain.

answer

speak; left

question

The region in the rear portion of the left temporal lobe that enables a person to understand speech is called ________ area.

answer

Wernicke's

question

Research has demonstrated that approximately ________ percent of adults produce and comprehend language in the left hemisphere.

answer

100%

question

In most people, a word flashed to the left visual field is first processed in the right hemisphere, then passes across the ________ to be identified by the left hemisphere.

answer

corpus callosum

question

There is no universally accepted definition of intelligence because each culture defines ________ in terms of what it values in a highly functioning human being.

answer

intelligence

question

Spearman theorized that underlying all mental abilities lay the ________, or ________ intelligence.

answer

g factor; general

question

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the most widely used intelligence test, consists of eleven subtests yielding a(n) ________ and a ________ score.

answer

verbal; performance

question

Gardner proposed a theory of eight different kinds of intelligence, while ________ proposed a theory of three kinds of intelligence.

answer

Sternberg

question

The ability to perceive, understand, and express emotions is called ________.

answer

emotional intelligence

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question

When Megan goes out to buy cosmetics, she reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Megan's self-reminder illustrates the use of a ________.

answer

heuristic

question

The inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called a ________.

answer

fixation

question

answer

confirmation bias

question

Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit ________.

answer

overconfidence

question

In the English language, adjectives are typically placed before nouns, as in "green car." This illustrates an English language rule of a ________.

answer

syntax

question

Vocal sounds that are not included in a person's native language first begin to disappear from use during the ________ stage of language development.

answer

babbling

question

Telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the ________ stage of language development.

answer

two-word

question

The older a person is when moving to a new country, the harder it is to learn the language. This best illustrates the importance of a ________ for learning language.

answer

critical period

question

Managers who want to foster creativity in the workplace should try to increase the ________ of their employees.

answer

intrinsic motivation

question

When Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister's opinion, she controls her own anger and responds to her sister with empathy. Her behavior best illustrates ________.

answer

emotional intelligence

question

An 8-year-old whose score on the original Stanford-Binet was typical of an average 10-year-old was said to have an IQ of ________.

answer

125

question

Before publishing her test of musical aptitude, Professor Reed gave it to a representative sample of people. This was most clearly necessary for test ________.

answer

standardization

question

When retested on the WAIS, people's second scores generally match their first scores quite closely. This indicates that the test has a high degree of ________.

answer

reliability

question

Intelligence test scores are LEAST similar for ________ reared together.

answer

nontwin siblings

question

Stereotype threat stimulates ________ expectations.

answer

self-confirming

question

To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of an ________.

answer

algorithm

question

The easier it is for people to remember being betrayed by a friend, the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of the ________.

answer

availability heuristic

question

answer

fixation

question

College students are more likely to use a condom when told that it has a 95 percent success rate than when told it has a 5 percent failure rate. This best illustrates the impact of ________.

answer

framing

question

answer

belief perserverence

question

The two-word stage of language development typically begins at the age of ________ months.

answer

question

Research suggests that humans can most easily master the grammar of a second language during ________.

answer

childhood

question

Introductory psychology students performed best on a midterm psychology test if they had previously spent five minutes a day visualizing themselves ________.

answer

studying effectively

question

answer

savant syndrome

question

University students who focus on the interest and challenge of their schoolwork rather than on simply meeting deadlines and securing good grades are especially likely to demonstrate ________.

answer

creativity

question

A high school counselor gave Elena a test designed to predict whether she could learn to become a successful architect. Elena most likely took a(n) ________ test.

answer

aptitude

question

The first modern test of intelligence was developed in ________.

answer

France

question

Xavier's bathroom scale always overstates people's actual weight by exactly six pounds. The scale has ________ reliability and ________ validity.

answer

high; low

question

The extent to which differences in intelligence among a group of people can be attributed to genetic factors is known as the ________ of intelligence.

answer

heritability

question

Women have been found to score lower on math tests when they are tested alongside men. This best illustrates the impact of ________.

answer

stereotype threat

question

The most common form of thinking involves mental representations called ________.

answer

concepts

question

Some thinking depends on verbal concepts, while another kind of thinking involves manipulating ________.

answer

mental images

question

Which of these activities is not an example of thinking with verbal concepts?

answer

doing a jigsaw puzzle

question

Shepard and Metzler found that the reaction time for solving mental rotation tasks ________ as the difference in orientation ________ from zero to 180 degrees.

answer

increased; increased

question

Research on mental rotation found that males performed ________ than females at almost every orientation.

answer

faster

question

Each hemisphere in our brain has unique abilities. This is called hemispheric ________.

answer

specialization

question

Paul Broca's patient was unable to ________. The location of the patient's brain damage led Broca to speculate that language was processed in the ________ hemisphere of the brain.

answer

speak; left

question

The region in the rear portion of the left temporal lobe that enables a person to understand speech is called ________ area.

answer

Wernicke's

question

Research has demonstrated that approximately ________ percent of adults produce and comprehend language in the left hemisphere.

answer

100%

question

In most people, a word flashed to the left visual field is first processed in the right hemisphere, then passes across the ________ to be identified by the left hemisphere.

answer

corpus callosum

question

There is no universally accepted definition of intelligence because each culture defines ________ in terms of what it values in a highly functioning human being.

answer

intelligence

question

Spearman theorized that underlying all mental abilities lay the ________, or ________ intelligence.

answer

g factor; general

question

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the most widely used intelligence test, consists of eleven subtests yielding a(n) ________ and a ________ score.

answer

verbal; performance

question

Gardner proposed a theory of eight different kinds of intelligence, while ________ proposed a theory of three kinds of intelligence.

answer

Sternberg

question

The ability to perceive, understand, and express emotions is called ________.

answer

emotional intelligence

Chapter 8 Quizzes – Flashcards

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