Chapter 8: Post-Lecture Questions – Flashcards
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Asexual reproduction...
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produces offspring genetically identical to the parent.
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During asexual reproduction, yeast cells an produce...
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genetically identical offspring.
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The term binary fission is best applied to...
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prokaryotes.
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A cell replicates its entire chromosomal DNA only...
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before it is about to divide.
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Chromatids are...
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identical copies of each other if they are part of the same chromosome.
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A human bone marrow cell in the prophase stage of mitosis contains 46 chromosomes. Therefore, there are a total of ___ sister chromatids in this cell.
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92
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A cell biologist carefully measured the quantity of DNA in grasshopper cells growing cell culture. Cells examined during the G2 phase of the cell cycle continued 200 units of DNA. What would be the amount of DNA in one of the grasshopper daughter cells?
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100 units.
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DNA replication occurs in...
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The S phase of interphase.
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Which of the following occurs during mitosis?
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Two daughter nuclei, one at each Poe of the cell, are generated.
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Which of the following shows mitosis in the correct chronological order?
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Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
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In the telophase of mitosis, the mitosis spindle breaks down and the chromatin uncoils. This is essentially the opposite of what happens in...
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prophase.
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The stage of mitosis during which the chromosomes move toward separate poles of the cell is....
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anaphase.
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Which of the following is a correct representation of an event that occurs during mitosis?
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Metaphase- Chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane.
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In some organisms such as certain fungi and algae, cells undergo mitosis repeatedly without subsequently undergoing cytokinesis. What would be the consequence of this?
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Large cells containing many nuclei.
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Consider the photograph shown below. You can determine this is a plant cell rather than an animal cell because it has...
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formed a cell plate.
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Imagine that a human skin cell went through mitosis but did not undergo cytokinesis. How many chromosomes would be in the cell?
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92
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A cleavage furrow forms in an animal cell during...
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cytokinesis.
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How many pairs of autosomes do humans have?
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22
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Which of the following is a normal human female?
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XX
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After fertilization, the resulting zygote begins to divide by...
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mitosis.
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A human somatic cell contains ____ chromosomes.
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46
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When we say that an organisms is haploid, we mean that...
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its cells each have one set of chromosomes.
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The diploid phase of the human life cycle begins with...
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fertilization.
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The function of meiosis is to make....
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four cells with a haploid number of chromosomes.
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In anaphase I...
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homologous chromosomes move towards opposite poles.
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At the end of telophase I of meiosis, as cytokinesis occurs, there are...
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2 haploid cells.
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What is the typical result when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis?
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Four haploid cells.
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In a cell containing 10 chromosomes, meiosis results in the formation of daughter cells containing ___ chromosomes.
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5
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During anaphase II...
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sister chromatids separate and migrate towards opposite poles.
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Crossing over occurs during...
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prophase I.
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Mitosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of _____; meiosis and cytokinesis result in the formations of ____.
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2 diploid cells ; 4 haploid cells.
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Meiosis differs from mitosis in that _____ only occurs in meiosis.
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crossing over
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In humans, the haploid number of chromosomes is 23. Independent assortment has the possibility of producing ___ different gametes.
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2^23
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Variation occurs when chromosomes are shuffled in...
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meiosis.
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Crossing over is...
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The exchange of homologous portions of nonsister chromatids.
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During meiosis, homologous chromosomes sometimes "stick together" and do not separate properly. This phenomenon is known as...
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nondisjunction.
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Down syndrome can be a result of....
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nondisjunction of chromosome 21 during meiosis.
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Consider the photograph of a karyotpe. This is...
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a photograph of all a person's chromosomes.
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Why are individuals with an extra chromosome 21, which causes Down syndrome, more numerous than individuals with an extra chromosome 3 or chromosome 16?
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Extra copies of the other somatic chromosomes are probably fatal.
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Each somatic cell in an individual with Down syndrome contains ___ chromosomes.
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47
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If a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then reattached to the original chromosome at the same place but in reverse direction, the resulting chromosomal abnormality is called...
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an inversion.
