chapter 7 anthro – Flashcards

In recent times, many foraging groups have been exposed to the idea of food production but they have never adopted it. Why?

Despite differences due to environmental variation, all foraging economies have shared one essential feature:

Yehudi Cohen's adaptive strategies

Which of the following is not characteristic of band-level societies?

Why do anthropologists question the idea that present-day foragers can be compared to Paleolithic foragers?

Which of the following is a characteristic of most foraging societies?

A horticultural system of cultivation is characterized by

Which of the following statements about shifting cultivation is true?

Why do slash-and-burn cultivators stop using a plot of land every two to three years?

Which of the following statements about irrigation is not true?

Which of the following does not occur as you move along the cultivating continuum?

What happens as one moves along the cultivating continuum?

Intensive agriculture

What is a mode of production?

Unlike in industrial societies, where economic alienation is common, in nonindustrial societies

How are nonindustrial economic systems "embedded" in society?

Economic relationships are characteristically embedded in other relationships, such as kinship, in all of the following kinds of societies, except

Economic anthropologists have been concerned with two main questions, one focusing on systems of human behavior and the other on the individuals who participate in those systems. The first question is: How are production, distribution, and consumption organized in different societies? The second question is:

Which of the following statements about peasants is not true?

Which of the following economic principles is generally dominant in industrial society?

Which of the following kinds of exchange is characteristic among members of a family?

Which of the following statements about potlatching is not true?

Most contemporary foragers live in remote areas, completely cut off from contact with other modern, agricultural, and industrial communities.

Foragers typically lived in mobile bands that dispersed in the dry season and aggregated in the rainy season.

Horticulture refers to low-intensity farming using slash-and-burn techniques to clear land.

Domesticated animals, more specifically their manure and pulling capabilities, are key components of horticulture.

In order to intensify production, agriculturalists frequently build irrigation canals and terraces

Although agriculture is much more productive per acre than horticulture, horticulture is much more reliable and dependable in the long run.

Agriculturalists tend to live in permanent villages that are larger and closer to other settlements than the semipermanent settlements of horticulturalists.

The high level of intensification and long-term dependability of horticulture paved the way for the emergence of large urban settlements and the first states.

Pastoralists are specialized herders whose subsistence strategies are focused on domesticated animals.

A mode of production is a way of organizing production, whereas the means of production include the factors of production like land, labor, and technology.

In most foraging societies, private ownership of bounded land was almost nonexistent.

Band- and tribal-level societies actively promote craft and task specialization.

The market principle dominates economic activities in band-level foraging societies.

With generalized reciprocity, the individuals participating in the exchange usually do not know the other person prior to the exchange.

With balanced reciprocity the giver expects something in return equal to what was given.

Potlatching is a form of competitive feasting that enables individuals to redistribute surplus materials while simultaneously increasing one's prestige.