Chapter 6: the lymphatic and immune systems – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
anti-
answer
against
question
carcin/o
answer
cancerous
question
immun/o
answer
immune, protection, safe
question
lymph/o
answer
lymph, lymphatic tissue
question
lymphaden/o
answer
lymph node or gland
question
lymphangi/o
answer
lymph vessel
question
neo-, ne/o
answer
new, strange
question
-oma
answer
tumor, neoplasm
question
onc/o
answer
tumor
question
phag/o
answer
eat, swallow
question
-plasm
answer
formative material of cells
question
sarc/o
answer
flesh, connective tissue
question
splen/o
answer
spleen
question
-tic
answer
pertaining to
question
tox/o
answer
poison, poisonous
question
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (also known as: AIDS)
answer
the most advanced in fatal stage of an HIV infection.
question
allergen
answer
substance that produces and allergic reaction.
question
anaphylaxis
answer
a severe response to an allergen.
question
antibiotics
answer
medications capable of inhibiting growth or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms
question
antibody
answer
a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen. immunoglobulin is often used interchangeably.
question
antifungal
answer
an agent that destroys or inhibits the froths of fungi
question
antigen
answer
any substance that the body regards as being foreign (viruses, bacteria, toxins, transplanted issues)
question
antigen-antibody reaction
answer
involves binding antigens to antibodies. can be recognized and destryoed by other cells of the immune system.
question
autoimmune disorder
answer
any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues.
question
bacilli
answer
rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria
question
bacteria
answer
one-celled microscopic organism
question
candidiasis
answer
infections that occur on the skin or mucous membranes in warm, moist areas such as the vagina or mouth and are caused by pathogenic yeast
question
carcinoma
answer
a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue
question
carcinoma in situ
answer
a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues
question
complement system
answer
a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form. when needed these cells complement the ability of the antibodies to ward off pathogens by combining with them to dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells.
question
cytokines
answer
a group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by T cells. act as intracellular signals to begin the immune response.
question
cytomegalovirus
answer
most often present at a silent infection in which the individual has no signs or symptoms of the infection, although it can be potentially cause a serious illness when the individual has a weakened immune system, or when it's transmitted from the mother to the fetus.
question
cytotoxic drugs
answer
a medication that kills or damaged cells
question
ductal carcinoma in situ
answer
breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct
question
hemolytic
answer
function of destroying worn-out erythrocytes and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse.
question
herpes zoster (also known as: shingles)
answer
acute viral infection characterized by painful skin irruptions that followed the underlying route of an inflamed nerve
question
Hodgkin's lymphoma
answer
distinguished from other lymphomas by presence of large cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells
question
human immunodeficiency virus (also known as: HIV)
answer
a blood-borne infection in which the virus damaged or kills the T cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, thus leaving the body at risk of developing many life-threatening opportunistic infections
question
immunodeficiency disorder
answer
occurs when the immune response is compromised
question
immunoglobulins
answer
bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response. the five primary types of immunoglobulins (secreted by plasma cells) are also know as antibodies.
question
immunosuppressant
answer
substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response. this medication is administered to prevent the reductions of donor tissue and to depress autoimmune disorders
question
immunotherapy
answer
a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response
question
infectious mononucleosis
answer
characterized by fever, sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes. caused by the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
question
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
answer
starts in the milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct and invaded the fatty breast tissue. this form of cancer accounts for the majority of all breast cancers
question
interferons
answer
produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells. activate immune system, fight viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication, signal other cells to increase their defense.
question
lymphadenitis
answer
an inflammation of the lymph nodes
question
lymphadenopathy
answer
any disease process affecting the lymph node or nodes
question
lymphangioma
answer
benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system
question
lymphedema
answer
swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues.
question
lymphocytes
answer
leukocytes formed in bone marrow as stem cells. 3 types: natural killer cells (NK), B cells, T cells.
question
lymphoma
answer
the general term applied to malignancies affecting tissues. includes lymph nodes, the spleen, liver, and bone marrow
question
lymphoscintigraphy
answer
a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels. a radioactive substance is injected into lymph ducts and a scanner or probe is used to follow the movement of the substance on a computer screen. used to find a sentinel node.
question
macrophage
answer
type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells
question
malaria
answer
caused by parasites that live in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito.
question
mammography
answer
a radiograpic examination of the breast to detect the presence of tumors or pre-cancerous cells
question
metastasis
answer
new cancer site that results from the spreading tissues
question
metastasize
answer
process by which cancer spreads from one place to another
question
myoma
answer
a benign tumor made of muscle tissue
question
myosarcoma
answer
a malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue
question
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
answer
term used to describe all other lymphomas other then Hodgkin's lymphoma.
question
opportunistic infection
answer
caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans. however when the host is debilitated these pathogens are able to cause infection
question
osteosarcoma
answer
a hard-tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of the long bones or pelvis
question
parasite
answer
plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism
question
rabies
answer
an acute viral infection that is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected animal
question
rickettsia
answer
small bacterium that lives in lice, flees, ticks and mites
question
rubella
answer
viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a pink rash
question
sarcoma
answer
malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues including hard, soft, and liquid connective tissues
question
spirochetes
answer
long, slender spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement
question
splenomegaly
answer
an abnormal enlargement of the spleen
question
staphylococci
answer
group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes
question
streptococci
answer
bacteria that form a chain
question
systemic reaction
answer
a severe response to an allergen. systems developed quickly. without prompt medical aid. patient can die within a few minutes.
question
teletherapy
answer
radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body
question
toxoplasmosis
answer
a parasite that is most commonly transmitted from pets to humans by contact with contaminated animal feces
question
varicella (also known as: chicken pox)
answer
characterized by a fever and a rash consisting of hundreds of itchy, fluid filled blisters that burst and form cysts
