Chapter 6 – The Architect – Flashcards
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Chapter 6 is about
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the evolution of the architect, and the public's perception of the profession
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Egyptian Architects
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Gods, Demi-gods, confidants
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Babylonian Architects
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High priests
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Greek Architects
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Directors of Workers. Perfectionists
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Roman Architects
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Engineers, Space creators
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Gothic Architects
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Master builders
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Renaissance Architects
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Humanists artists
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Egyptian Architect
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Imhotep, Senmut
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Imhotep
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- First architect in written history. - Father of stone architecture - inventor of the pyramids Stepped Pyramid of Zoser
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Senmut
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- Queen Hatepshutsut's Tomb
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Greek Architects
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Daedelus
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Daedelus
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Mythological Architect Labyrinth of the Minotaur (and the rest of the story!)
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Cyclopian Masonry
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- Greek - large stone masonry structures that could only have build by giants
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+/- 250 identified / known Green Architects
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but none of their drawings OR writings have survived
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Roman Architects
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- First architects to understand interior and exterior space - Pozzolana :_______________ found at Puteoli, near naples; s a siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material which reacts with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water at room temperature
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Renaissance Architects
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Trained as sculptors, painters, etc.
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Invention of the printing press
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- Renaissance Architects Vitruvius - "Ten Books of Architecture" published Palladio - "Quatro Libre" ("Four Books of Architecture")
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The first true school of architecture was
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the Ecole de Beaux Arts
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Age of Enlightenment
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"Gentleman" architect: Lord Burlingham Thomas Jefferson Montecello - Palladio's Villa Capra University of Virginia Roman Pantheon Virginia State Capitol Roman Temple Maisson Carree George Washington
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American Architects
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Benjamen Henry Latrobe, Henry Hobson Richardson, Richard Morris Hunt, Stanford White, Louis Sullivan Julia Morgan, Paul Williams, Norma Merrick Sklarek, Frank Lloyd Wright, Louis Kahn, Robert Venturi, Philip Johnson, Rudolph Schindler, Rob Wellington Quigley
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Benjamen Henry Latrobe
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Early 1800's First to practice architecture as a living. Baltimore Cathedral
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Henry Hobson Richardson
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Mid to Late 1800's First American to attend the Ecole de Deaux Arts
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Richard Morris Hunt
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Mid to Late 1800's Founder, American to attend the Ecole de Beaux Arts Biltmore Estate, Asheville, North Carolina
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Stanford White
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Late 1800's / Early 1900's McKim, Meade and White. Pennsylvania Station. Madison Square Garden (original)
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Louis Sullivan
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Late 1800's / Early 1900's Adler & Sullivan Frank Lloyd Writght's "Leiber Meister"
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Julia Morgan
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Early to Mid 1900's First women to graduate from the Ecole de Beaux Arts First woman architect in America Hearst Castle
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Paul Williams
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Mid 1900's First African American architect in the A.I.A. Theme building - LAX Beverly Hills Hotel Ambassador Hotel Frank Sinatra Residence Lucile Ball Residence
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Norma Merrick Sklarek,
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First African American women architect (Late 1950's) LAZ Terminal 1 (w. Gruen Associates) San Bernadino City Hall (w. Cesar Pelli at Gruen) Pacific Design Center (w. Cesar Pelli at Gruen)
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Frank Lloyd Wright
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Prairie Homes 1890-1910 emphasized horizontal line thru the use of: low pitched, hip roofs, raked horizontal brick joints, flush vertical brick joints.
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Louis Kahn
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Kahn's work is characterized the application of a basic, rectilinear geometry to create forms and spaces that are simple, yet inspirational. In addition to his focus and manipulation of form, space, and light, Kahn is known for his attention to material and detail.
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Robert Venturi
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Modernism critic exploited populist notions of history and irony mass media complexity and contradiction postmodernism -father of post modernism
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Philip Johnson
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Seagram Building Ludwig Meis van der Rohe and Phillip Johnson 1954 International/post modernism First privately owned public space Personficiation of postwar capitalism Less is more and standarization and impersonality Form of building follows the function Bronze linings. Open floor floating (first floor)
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Rudolph Schindler
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Lovell beach house modernist, flat roof, panel walls, courtyard, all glass wall
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Rob Wellington Quigley
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FAIA work has garnered more than 60 design awards from the American Institute of Architects (AIA) entered the Peace Corps San Diego Children's Museum, the Student Services Center at the University of California San Diego, and the San Diego New Main Library Leslie Shao-ming Sun Field Station at Stanford University, the West Valley Branch Library in San José, and the Opportunity Center of the Midpeninsula in Palo Alto
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Other Architects
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Le Corbusier
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Le Corbusier: Five Points of the New Architecture
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1. only support should be PILOTIS 2. the free plan- the interior walls are freestanding and are not load-bearing 3. the free facade- exterior design does not reflect/dictate interior 4. the long horizontal sliding window 5. roof garden
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AIA
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American Institute of Architects
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AIAS
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American Institute of Architecture Students
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NCARB
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National Council of Architectural Registration Boards
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NAAB
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National Architectural Accrediting Board
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ACSA
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Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture.
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Professional licensing requirements generally require a degree that is accredited by
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NAAB
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Accredited degrees include
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Bachelor of Architecture (5 years) or Master of Architecture
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Public Perception of the Architect
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Architectural Graduates & Fictitious Architects
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Architectural Graduates
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Jimmy Stewart Weird Al Yankovic
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Fictitious Architects
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Howard Roark (The fountainhead) Wilbur Poster (Mr. Ed's owner) Juror #8 (Henry Fonda in 12 Angry Men) Mike Brady (The Brady Bunch) Marshall - the father (Clarissa Explains It All)
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Howard Roark
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The fountainhead
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Wilbur Poster
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Mr. Ed's owner
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Juror #8
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Henry Fonda in 12 Angry Men
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Mike Brady
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The Brady Bunch
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Marshall - the father
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Clarissa Explains It All
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George Costanza (Seinfeld character) want to
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"pretend to be an architect"
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from Cynthia Harrod-Eagles novel "Blood Sinister"
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Roads and bridges, docks and piers, That the stuff for engineers, Wine and women, drugs and sex, That's the stuff for architects.
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Maya Lin
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Vietnamese Veterans' Memorial, Civil Rights Memorial
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Phillip Johnson
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Glass House, Guest House, Sculpture Gallery, Lipstick Building, Lincoln Kirsten Tower
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Louis Kahn
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Government Building (Bangladesh), Salk Institute, Exeter Library, Trenton Bath House, Richard medical Labratory
