Chapter 6 Test – Flashcards

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With respect to the relationship between culture, religion, and the physical environment,
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religious ideas may be responsible for some of the changes people make in the physical environment.
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Religion is a good example of the tension between globalization and local diversity because
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religion represents core cultural values and beliefs that may conflict with others.
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Mahayanists, in contrast to Theravadists, emphasize Buddha's
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compassion.
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Animists believe that
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inanimate objects and natural events have spirits.
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Especially important in Confucianism is to
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perform public service.
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Especially important in Daoism is to
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reflect on the mystical and magical aspects of life.
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The belief in the existence of only one god is
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monotheism.
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Beliefs concerning the origin of the universe are
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Cosmogony.
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When geographers study the sites where religions originated as well as the processes by which those religions diffused to other locations, they are focusing on the
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spatial connections in religion.
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A geographer researching the practices of Tibetan Buddhists as well as the world travels of the Dalai Lama is studying
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spatial connections in religion.
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A person attempting to detect ________ within forests and streams would likely be an animist.
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voices or personalities
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The world's largest ethnic religion is
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Hinduism.
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Which characteristic distinguishes religion in Latin America from North America?
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having a Roman Catholic majority
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Given Daoism's classification as either a universalizing or an ethnic religion, which of the following would you be more likely to categorize as pertaining to Daoism?
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Most shrines are located at major physical features or sites of longstanding cultural significance.
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The maps and diagrams in this chapter help us surmise that a person from northern Germany is more likely to be an adherent of
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Protestantism.
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This map indicates that Lutherans are clustered in the ________ United States.
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upper midwestern
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The maps in this chapter indicate that Eastern Orthodoxy is a branch of Christianity prevalent in
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Russia.
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This map shows that Muslims are clustered in
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Southwestern Asia, North Africa, and parts of South Asia and Southeastern Asia.
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A review of the world maps in this chapter indicates that in South America,
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the great majority of the people are Catholic.
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A review of the maps in this chapter indicates that in northeastern Canada,
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the great majority of the people are Catholic.
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The maps in this chapter indicate that in Sub-Saharan Africa,
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about one-fourth of the people are Protestant.
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The maps in this chapter indicate that in Australia and the South Pacific,
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less than half of the people are Protestant.
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When analyzing the maps in this chapter, we can infer that in France,
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most of the people are Catholic.
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Analysis of the charts in this chapter indicates that in the world population,
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less than one-fifth of the people are non-religious.
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The charts in this chapter indicate that in the world population,
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there are more Muslims than Hindus.
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Analysis of this map indicates that in Germany,
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Catholics are the majority in the west and southeast, while Protestants are the majority in the north.
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Analysis of this map indicates that in Scotland,
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Protestants are the majority
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A relatively small group that has broken away from an established church is a
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sect.
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The world's largest universalizing religion is
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Christianity.
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Which is a branch of Christianity?
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Eastern Orthodox
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Almost 90 percent of people in the Western Hemisphere claim adherence to
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Christianity.
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Lutheranism is an example of a Christian
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denomination.
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The dominant branch of Islam is
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Sunni.
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The dominant branch of Islam in Iran is
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Shiite.
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Based on the map above, we can surmise that a person from Alabama is more likely to be an adherent of
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a Baptist church.
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The maps and diagrams in this chapter help us surmise that a person from Minnesota is more likely to be an adherent of
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the Lutheran church.
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This map indicates that Baptists are clustered in the ________ United States.
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Southern
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According to this map, the largest group of religious adherents in the U.S. Southwest are
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Catholics.
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Examples of ethnic religions include
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Daoism, Confucianism, and Judaism.
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Which of the following is not a universalizing religion?
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Judaism
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Which is not an ethnic Asian religion?
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Buddhism
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Hinduism's caste system
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assigns everyone to a distinct class.
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Both universalizing and ethnic religions
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can diffuse to different populations around the world.
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An ethnic religion is
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appealing mostly to one group of people in one place.
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Followers of which religious branch do not trace their origin to Abraham?
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Mahayana
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Which of the following is currently the most important religion in the homeland of the man who founded it?
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Islam
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Unlike other universalizing religions, Buddhism
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remained primarily concentrated in one region of the world.
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Which of the following would be more characteristic of a universalizing religion?
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Several priests travel across the world to establish missions on remote islands.
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Which of the following would we be more likely to classify as a characteristic of an ethnic religion?
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The religious calendar is based largely on seasonal changes in a particular region.
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Christianity first diffused from its hearth through
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relocation diffusion.
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Roman Catholics are clustered in the U.S. southwest primarily because of migration of
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Roman Catholics from Latin America.
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According to this map, Buddhism diffused initially to
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South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.
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According to this map, Islam diffused initially to
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Southwest Asia and North Africa.
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It is reasonable to surmise that historically, when signs were posted in store windows warning "No Irish Need Apply," the store owner may also have been
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a Protestant discriminating against Roman Catholic immigrants.
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Given Muslim perspectives on sacred spaces in the Middle East, politicians in the region have been wary of inviting further religious-fueled conflict by proclaiming
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Jerusalem the capital of Israel.
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Some of the violence linked to religion in Israel and Palestine is also linked to
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ethnic groups, resources, and disputes over the control of land.
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According to this map, the landscape of Quebec is distinguished from neighboring Canadian provinces and the United States partly because it
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has numerous religious toponyms.
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Judaism is classified as an ethnic rather than a universalizing religion, partly because
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its rituals derive from the agricultural cycle in Israel.
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The agricultural calendar is relatively unimportant to which type of religions?
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Universalizing
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The Julian and Gregorian calendars are
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Christian calendars that are now used as standard calendars in much of the world.
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Which of the following best describes the situation of religion in Tibet?
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Its spiritual leader is in exile and the government discourages observance.
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Which is NOT a characteristic of a hierarchical religion?
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It encourages each congregation to be self-sufficient.
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Protestants in Ireland are
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highly clustered in one part of the island.
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Jerusalem's geography represents a particularly difficult religious conflict to resolve because
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sacred sites to Jews and Muslims are literally built on top of one another.
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The barrier between Israel and the West Bank
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has been ruled as illegal by both Israeli and international courts but is supported by other elements of the Israeli government.
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The concept of a ghetto originally referred to the area of a city
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where Jews were forced to live.
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The example of Jerusalem indicates that in regards to the geographic landscape,
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sacred sites may be equally important to universalizing and ethnic religions.
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The exiled spiritual leader of Tibet is the
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Dalai Lama.
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For most of the past 2,000 years, most Jews have been
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dispersed around the world.
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Cremation is more important than burial in which religion?
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Hinduism
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The goal of the majority of people living in Northern Ireland is to
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remain part of the United Kingdom.
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The United Nations partition plan dividing Palestine placed Jerusalem under
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United Nations administration.
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Palestinians include all but which of the following groups?
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Jewish citizens of Israel
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Which of these penalties were imposed by the Taliban in Afghanistan?
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All of these answers are correct.
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What policy did the British follow in India?
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They encouraged the abolition of the caste system.
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From the Russian Revolution to the fall of the Soviet communist government, what was the policy of the government towards religion?
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Churches remained open but played a limited role.
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Which of the following religions is also part of a territorial concern for the Chinese government?
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Buddhism
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It is reasonable to hypothesize that during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) when some Irish soldiers deserted from the U.S. Army to join the Mexican Army instead, most were at
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feelings of loyalty toward fellow Roman Catholics.
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Given the geographic perspectives on religion that are discussed in this chapter, we might hypothesize in addition that victorious Spanish soldiers in 1492 were partly motivated by
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a fanatical "holy war" mentality and their Roman Catholic faith.
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Given the Soviet Union's policies toward religion discussed in this chapter, a historian could hypothesize that in the United States, Cold War opposition to the Soviet Union was accompanied by a heightened
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emphasis on religion as a weapon against "Godless communism."
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A universalizing religion
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appeals to people living in a wide variety of locations.
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Adherents of which religion controlled much of present-day Spain until 1492, but not since then?
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Islam
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The situation in Northern Ireland is the result of
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All of these answers are correct.
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Adherents of which religion have controlled the Holy Land for most of the past 1,500 years?
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Islam
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Israel has controlled all of Jerusalem since
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the Six-Day War in 1967.
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Lutherans in the United States are concentrated in the southeast.
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False
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Catholics in the United States are concentrated mainly in the northeast and southwest.
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True
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Buddhism is the most important religion in India.
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False
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As the maps in this chapter illustrate, Christianity has the most widespread geographic distribution of any religion.
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True
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As indicated on the maps in this chapter, the largest concentration of Eastern Orthodox Christians is in Eastern Europe.
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True
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Jerusalem is a holy city to all three major universalizing religions
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False
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Pilgrimages play a significant role in ethnic religions but not in universalizing religions.
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False
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Natural landscape features are the holiest places in Islam.
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False
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The Ganges is the most holy river for Muslims.
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False
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In terms of sacred sites and places of worship, an ethnic religion is usually more geographically concentrated than a universalizing religion.
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True
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The majority of people in Lebanon are Jewish.
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False
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After the 1917 Revolution, the communists closed all churches in the Soviet Union.
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False
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Islam is a less hierarchical religion than Christianity.
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True
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The most troublesome religious boundary in Western Europe is in Ireland.
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True
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