question

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration. citric acid cycle → electron transport chain → glycolysis → acetyl CoA glycolysis → citric acid cycle → acetyl CoA → electron transport chain electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → glycolysis → acetyl CoA glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain → glycolysis

answer

D

question

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration? C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 → 6 O2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 C6H12O6 + 6 H2O → 6 CO2 + 6 O2 + ATP energy 6 O2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy → C6H12O6 + 6 CO2

answer

A

question

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? glycolysis electron transport chain citric acid cycle ATP production by ATP synthase acetyl CoA formation

answer

A

question

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain? Golgi apparatus lysosome nucleus chloroplast mitochondrion

answer

E

question

Which statement describes glycolysis? This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

answer

E

question

hich statement describes the citric acid cycle? This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

answer

E

question

Which statement describes the electron transport chain? This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

answer

B

question

A mutant protist is found in which some mitochondria lack an inner mitochondrial membrane. Which of the following pathways would be completely disrupted in these mitochondria? oxidative phosphorylation glycolysis biosynthesis alcoholic fermentation

answer

A

question

If you were able to stop the process of cellular respiration after completing electron transport but prior to chemiosmosis, you would find the pH of a mitochondrion to be at its lowest on the outer membrane. on the inner membrane. in the intermembrane space. in the mitochondrial matrix.

answer

C

question

In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is ADP. an oxygen atom. a molecule of water. a molecule of carbon dioxide.

answer

B

question

Rotenone is a poison commonly added to insecticides. Rotenone binds tightly with one of the electron carrier molecules in the electron transport chain, preventing electrons from passing to the next carrier molecule. Insects exposed to rotenone will die because they will no longer be able to produce adequate amounts of ATP. they will no longer be able to absorb water and will become dehydrated. high levels of fermentation products will build up in their bodies. they will no longer be able to perform anaerobic respiration.

answer

A

question

As electrons move through the mitochondrial space, ATP synthase works by active transport. NADH is reduced. the pH of the intermembrane space decreases. water is oxidized.

answer

C

question

NADH pills can be purchased over the counter and are often taken by sufferers of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). How might these pills benefit a CFS patient? They would decrease the rate of glycolysis. They would decrease the rate of alcoholic fermentation. They would increase the number of electrons provided to the electron transport chain. They would increase energy by creating more FADH2.

answer

C

question

In an experiment, mice were fed glucose (C6H12O6) containing a small amount of radioactive oxygen. The mice were closely monitored, and in a few minutes, radioactive oxygen atoms showed up in __________. carbon dioxide ATP water NADH

answer

a

question

Given the relatively modest number of calories burned by anything but the most vigorous activities, why can people consume over 2,000 kilocalories a day, yet maintain a healthy body weight? They can't, and this has led to a problem of obesity in the United States. People really should exercise vigorously for one to two hours per day. Most of the energy consumed in food is spent maintaining the body's functions, so only a fraction of food energy needs to be burned in exercise. Not all calories are created equal, so a person who consumes 2,000 kilocalories of sugar- and fat-laden processed food will gain weight, whereas a person who consumes 2,000 calories of nonprocessed, low-carbohydrate food will not.

answer

C

question

Question 10 Part A Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________. loss of electrons; gain of electrons gain of protons; loss of protons gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen gain of electrons; loss of electrons

answer

A

question

Which of the following statements regarding the movement of electrons during cellular respiration is true? The electrons release large amounts of energy each time they are transferred from one molecule to another. Electrons tend to move away from O2. O2 is eventually oxidized by the electrons to form water. O2 is reduced when it accepts electrons and forms water.

answer

d

question

NADH is also used by cells when making certain molecules. Based on your knowledge of NADH's role in cellular respiration, what do you think NADH's role is in biosynthesis of molecules? phosphorylating molecules dehydrating molecules oxidizing molecules reducing molecules

answer

d

question

Oxidative phosphorylation could not occur without glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, because _____. the electron transport chain requires the ATP produced during the first two stages these two stages provide the oxygen used as the final electron acceptor these two stages provide the water that is split during oxidative phosphorylation these two stages supply the electrons needed for the electron transport chain

answer

d

question

Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell? within the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion on the inner mitochondrial membrane in the cytoplasmic fluid in the mitochondria

answer

c

question

We inhale O2 and we exhale CO2. Carbon dioxide is produced _____. when oxygen acquires electrons and protons at the end of the electron transport chain during the formation of pyruvate during the electron transfer steps of oxidative phosphorylation In the reaction that creates acetyl CoA (coenzyme A) from pyruvate

answer

d

question

Which part(s) of cellular respiration take(s) place in the mitochondria? the Citric Acid cycle the electron transport chain glycolysis the Citric Acid cycle and the electron transport chain All of the above.

answer

d

question

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration? Oxygen provides high-energy electrons for transfer to glucose. Oxygen accepts high-energy electrons after they are stripped from glucose. Oxygen is required to convert ADP to ATP. Oxygen is involved in the initial breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid.

answer

b

question

Cellular respiration accomplishes two major processes: (1) it breaks glucose down into smaller molecules, and (2) it harvests the chemical energy released and stores it in ATP molecules. By the end of _____, the breakdown of glucose is complete; most ATP molecules are produced during _____. glycolysis ... the Citric Acid cycle the Citric Acid cycle ... glycolysis the Citric Acid cycle ... electron transport electron transport ... glycolysis

answer

c

question

NADH and FADH 2 are important in cellular respiration because they deliver high-energy electrons to the electron transport system. Electron transport produces _____ ATP molecule(s) per NADH molecule and _____ ATP molecules(s) per FADH 2 molecule. three ... two two ... three one ... one zero ... zero

answer

a

question

In electron transport, high-energy electrons "fall" to oxygen through a series of reactions. The energy released is used to _____. synthesize ATP directly. transport protons into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria, where they become concentrated. They then flow back out into the the inner compartment (matrix) of the mitochodria. On the way back, protons turn ATP synthase turbines and produce ATP. transport electrons out of the mitochondria, resulting in ATP production. move phosphate groups into the mitochondria. When they reach a high enough concentration, they spontaneously join with ADP to form ATP.

answer

b

question

Most NADH molecules generated during cellular respiration are produced during __________. the reduction of oxygen glycolysis the citric acid cycle the electron transport chain

answer

c

question

Why is the citric acid cycle called a cycle? Acetyl CoA binds to oxaloacetate and this compound is restored at the end of the cycle. NAD+ and FAD are recycled. NADH is recycled in the electron transport chain. Glucose is cycled around and resynthesized.

answer

a

question

A scientist wants to study the enzymes of the citric acid cycle in eukaryotic cells. What part of the cell would she use as a source of these enzymes? cytoplasm mitochondrial matrix mitochondrial inner membrane plasma membrane

answer

b

question

In eukaryotes, most of the high-energy electrons released from glucose by cell respiration _____. are used to form ATP by the citric acid cycle reduce NAD+ to NADH, which then delivers them to the electron transport chain are bound to FAD to be sent through the process of oxidative phosphorylation are used for synthesizing lactic acid

answer

b

question

The function of coenzyme A in the citric acid cycle is most like a frog that turns into a prince. a limousine driver dropping off a couple at the school prom. a kid jumping up and down on a trampoline. throwing a baited hook into a lake and catching a fish.

answer

b

question

At the end of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy remaining from the original glucose is stored in pyruvate. ATP. NADH. CO2.

answer

c

question

What is the ultimate fate of the electrons that are stripped from glucose during cellular respiration? They are donated to NADH. They are used to form ATP by chemiosmosis. They are used to form water. They result in the formation of heat.

answer

c

question

In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are passed from one electron carrier to another. The energy released is used to _____. generate large amounts of NADH and FADH2 form ATP during glycolysis pump protons (H+) across the mitochondrial membrane synthesize carbon dioxide

answer

c

question

The electron transport chain is a series of electron carrier molecules. In eukaryotes, where can this structure be found? smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum plasma membrane mitochondria

answer

d

question

The enzyme ATP synthase catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP. In eukaryotic cells, the energy needed for this endergonic reaction is derived from _____. the movement of FADH2 from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria the reduction of NAD+ to form NADH the fermentation of pyruvate to form lactic acid the movement of hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane

answer

d

question

Through respiration, humans breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2. However, what would happen if we did not breathe in O2? We would not be able to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules. We would not be able to perform lactic acid fermentation. We would not have enough enzymes to catalyze reactions. We would not make enough ATP to meet our energy requirements

answer

d

question

Some human cells, such as nerve cells, are restricted to aerobic respiration to recycle NADH and FADH2. If these cells are deprived of oxygen, then _____. proton gradient formation would continue, but ATP synthase function would stop oxidative phosphorylation would come to a halt because there wouldn't be any oxygen to "pull" the electrons down the transport chain ATP production would continue because the cell would perform fermentation glycolysis could still continue indefinitely

answer

b

question

The energy yield from the breakdown of a single molecule of glucose does not depend upon whether some of the energy of the H+ gradient is used for work other than ATP production. the supply of carbon dioxide. the supply of oxygen. whether the NADH produced in glycolysis passes its electrons across the mitochondrial membrane to NAD+ or FAD.

answer

b

question

During fermentation, __________ that was produced during glycolysis is converted back to __________. NADH; NAD+ pyruvate; CO2; pyruvate ATP; ADP NAD+; NADH

answer

a

question

Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center want to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles begin to function anaerobically. They could do this by checking for a buildup of _____. ATP ADP lactic acid carbon dioxide

answer

c

question

In fermentation, ________ is ________. ethanol; oxidized NADH; reduced NADH; oxidized NAD+; oxidized

answer

c

question

When an organism such as a yeast lives by fermentation, it converts the pyruvate from glycolysis into a different compound, such as alcohol. Why doesn't it secrete the pyruvate directly? The conversion is needed to regenerate the molecules needed for glycolysis. The conversion yields one NADH per pyruvate molecule. The conversion yields 32 ATP per pyruvate molecule. A buildup of pyruvate in the surrounding environment would be too toxic.

answer

a

question

The Pasteur effect shows that yeast consume glucose at a higher rate under anaerobic conditions than under aerobic conditions. Which of the following statements correctly explains this observation? Yeast are obligate anaerobes, so aerobic conditions will kill yeasts. Less ATP is made under anaerobic conditions, so more glucose must be consumed to produce an equivalent amount of ATP. Yeast are photosynthetic, so they are able to produce their own oxygen. This observation is incorrect. Aerobic conditions mean that cells make more ATP and use more glucose.

answer

b

question

In the absence of oxygen, cells need a way to regenerate which compound? lactic acid ethanol carbon dioxide NAD+

answer

d

question

Fat is the most efficient molecule for long-term energy storage, even compared to carbohydrates, because _____. when compacted, fat occupies less volume than an equivalent amount of carbohydrate fats can directly enter the electron transport chain, the phase of respiration that produces the most ATP compared to carbohydrates, fat produces fewer toxic by-products when it's metabolized with their numerous hydrogen atoms, fats provide an abundant source of high-energy electrons

answer

d

question

To obtain energy from starch and glycogen, the body must begin by converting both starch and glycogen to fatty acids. removing one glucose at a time with a condensation reaction. hydrolyzing both starch and glycogen to glucose. hydrolyzing the starch to glucose and the glycogen to amino acids.

answer

c

question

If you consume 1 g of each of the following, which will yield the most ATP? fat glucose protein starch

answer

a

question

During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized. However, an intermediate __________ can be siphoned off and used to synthesize fats. pyruvate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glucose ATP

answer

b

question

In nutrient-rich environments (like your mouth), bacteria can use the provided amino acids to synthesize their proteins. However, should the environmental conditions change and become nutrient-poor, bacteria would need to synthesize their amino acids. They can do this using __________. ATP citric acid cycle intermediates glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glucose

answer

b

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