Chapter 5 Study Plan PSYCH – Flashcards

In the context of a classical conditioning experiment, when a dog salivates as he eats his food, the food is considered the ____________.

In the context of a classical conditioning experiment, when a dog salivates as he eats his food, the dog's salivation is called the ___________.

If researchers are looking to create a conditioned response, what is one thing that must occur to make that happen?

Which scientist is associated with discovering the classically conditioned response?

If the sufferer typically fears they are dying during panic attacks, they may learn to fear they are dying every time their heart rate rises, whether the increased heart rate is due to a panic attack or normal activities.

In defining learning, "_____" refers to the fact that when people learn anything, a part of their brain is physically changed to record what they have learned, and that change remains even if the behavior does not.

Pavlov initially set out to study his dogs' ___________.

Birds, who find their food by sight, will avoid any object or insect that simply looks like the one that made them sick. This is a result of:

This scientist conducted research to establish the theory known as cognitive perspective.

_____ believed that classical conditioning occurred because the CS became a substitute for the UCS when paired closely together in time.

The cognitive perspective of classical conditioning involves:

A naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary (reflex) response is a/an:

In Seligman's study on dogs, the dogs that were not conditioned to fear the tone:

Köhler determined that insight:

In Köhler's experiment, Sultan the chimp first used just one stick that was lying in his cage to rake the banana into the cage, and then he learned to fit two sticks together to reach a banana placed farther away. This was an example of:

Which of the following individuals believed that cognition was an important part of behavior?

Pavlov's dogs exhibited stimulus discrimination when they:

The term "extinction" may be misleading because:

In order to increase reading among the students in her class, Mrs. Gomez, a second-grade teacher, has students record their reading by placing stickers on a large chart. For every ten stickers, students receive a new book. Mrs. Gomez is using:

receiving a traffic ticket for speeding is an example of:

After having many cavities fixed as a child, Kyle now has an active dislike of the dentist's drill. His tendency to become anxious when hearing a similar-sounding noise is termed:

A teacher has decided to give "caught being good" tickets to her students when they behave according to class rules. This teacher also rewards students with gold stars each time they improve their math speed. This teacher is using:

Which psychologist is best known for working with children and a Bobo doll to study whether aggressive behavior is learned by watching others be aggressive?

Which of the following is one of Bandura's elements of observational learning?

_____ is learning new behavior by watching a model perform that behavior.

A recent study suggests a link between spanking and:

A behavior is more resistant to extinction if it is:

The law of effect states if an action is followed by a pleasurable consequence, the action is likely to:

Operant conditioning relies on:

Small steps in behavior that are reinforced, one after the other, to create a particular goal behavior are known as:

an relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by inexpert or practice

Russian psychologist who discovered classical conditioning through his work on digestion in dogs

learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex.

a naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary repsonse

an involuntary response to a naturally occurring unconditioned relex

stimulus that becomes able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus . usually distinctive or stands out from other competing stimuli

can become conditioned when paired with an unconditioned stimulus

learned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus

repeated pairing of the NS and the UCS the organisms is in the process of acquiring learning

tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to the original conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response.

tendency to stop making a generalized response to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus because the similar stimulus is never paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

Ex: drug dogs, dogs that seek out drugs

disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the unconditioned stimulus (in classical conditioning) or the removal of a reinforcer (operant conditioning)

reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occured

1. strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus 2. neutral stimulus become second conditioned stimulus

emotional response that has become classically conditioned to occur to learned stimuli

classical conditioning of a reflex response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person

development of nausea or aversive response to a particular taste because that taste was following the nausea reaction

According to Dr. Murray, what is the most effective treatment strategy for phobias?

Which of the following is a common physical symptom of someone experiencing a social phobia?

Progressively exposing an individual to the thing they are most afraid of and helping them to stay in the situation until they are calm

People with social phobia tend to practice what kind of behavior?

How thoughts interact with physiological sensations, emotions, and behavior.

Which of the following increases the probability of a behavior recurring?

______________ is learning behaviors through successive approximations of desired behaviors in response to consequences

Which of the following is an example of fixed interval reinforcement?

Who was a behaviorist that gave operant conditioning its name?

wanted to study observable behavior; learning is based on consequences

an event or stimulus that when following a response, increases the probability that the response will occur again.

an reinforcer that naturally reinforcing by meeting a basic biological need (hunger, thirst, etc)

any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer, such as praise, tokens, etc.

the reinforcement of a response by the addition or experience of a pleasurable stimulus

the reinforcement of a response by the removal escape or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus

a response that is reinforced after some- but not all- correct response tend to be very resistant to extinction

interval time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is always the same

the interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is different for each trial

number of responses required for reinforcement is always the same

schedule of reinforcement in which the number of responses required for reinforcements is different for each trial or event

reinforcement of each and every correct response

an event or object that when following a response makes the response less likely to happen again

the punishment of a response by the addition or experiencing of an unpleasant stimulus

the punishment of a response by the removal of a pleasurable stimulus

use of operant conditioning techniques to bring about desired changes in behvior

type of behavior modification in which desired behavior is rewarded with tokens

behavior modification that uses shaping techniques to mold a desired behavior or response

use of feedback about biological conditions to bring involuntary responses such as blood pressure and relaxation under voluntary control

form of biofeedback using devices (EEG, fMRI) to provide feedback about brain activity in an effort to modify behavior.

behavior and cognition

the sudden perception of relationships among various parts of a problem, allowing the solution to the problem to come quickly

insight

tendency to fail to act to escape from a situation because of a history of repeated failures in the past

concept of mental health, that focuses on adaptive, creative and psychologically more fulfilling aspects of human experience vs mental disorders

seligman

to learn anything through observation, learner pays attention to model

attention, memory