Question 1

According to Vygotsky, the internal dialogue that people have with themselves either silently or aloud is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Private speech

Question 2

Four-year-old Jonathan is sitting at the lunch counter next to his sister Erin. They are having hot dogs for lunch. When his mom cuts Jonathan\'s hot dog into five pieces and Erin\'s into six pieces. Jonathan protests, \"Erin has more than me!\" Which ability does Jonathan not yet demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

Conservation

Question 3

Which of these 4-year-old children is MOST likely to be taken to the dentist?

Accepted Answer

Hailey, whose parents are middle class

Question 4

According to Vygotsky, which capability is demonstrated when young children imitate adult actions that are irrelevant, time-consuming, and inefficient?

Accepted Answer

Overimitation

Question 5

What has research found to be the most effective way to teach English to children of Hispanic heritage while simultaneously improving their Spanish?

Accepted Answer

Combining English and Spanish instruction

Question 6

According to Vygotsky, a child\'s first mentor is a(n):

Accepted Answer

parent

Question 7

Over the past three decades in Brazil, what has been the trend in children\'s health and body growth?

Accepted Answer

Children no longer suffer from undernutrition, but now face overnutrition.

Question 8

A child who is unable to read a picture book independently gets help from an adult to accomplish the task. This assistance will only be effective if the:

Accepted Answer

skill is within the child\'s zone of proximal development.

Question 9

When Jennie sees her third-grade teacher in the grocery store, she is shocked to see her outside of school. This is likely due to Jennie\'s:

Accepted Answer

static reasoning

Question 10

A person\'s average body mass index (BMI) is the lowest between the ages of:

Accepted Answer

5-6

Question 11

A preschool child thinks a tall 20-year-old man is older than a short 40-year-old man. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

focus on experience

Question 12

Writing your name is a ______, whereas kicking a ball is a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

fine motor skill; gross motor skill

Question 13

In developed nations, which nutrients are MOST apt to be lacking in a child\'s diet?

Accepted Answer

calcium, iron, and zinc

Question 14

An example of a fine motor skill is:

Accepted Answer

using scissors to cut paper

Question 15

Gross motor skills such as riding a tricycle are acquired:

Accepted Answer

through brain maturation and practice

Question 16

Kindra, age 4, is very particular about her daily routines, especially at mealtime. She will only eat from a certain plate, drink from one certain cup, and must have a folded napkin next to her plate. She is exhibiting the phenomenon called:

Accepted Answer

just right

Question 17

Caitlin, age 4, visited the city zoo, pointed to a zebra, and exclaimed, \"Look at the horse with stripes!\" In describing the zebra, she used:

Accepted Answer

logical extension

Question 18

An evaluation of Head Start found that benefits were MOST apparent for children:

Accepted Answer

lowest family income

Question 19

Piaget believed that until about age 6, it is difficult for children to think:

Accepted Answer

logically

Question 20

Skills that the child can accomplish with assistance but can\'t yet perform independently are part of:

Accepted Answer

the zone of proximal development

Question 21

Humans seek reasons, causes, and underlying principles to explain the world around them. The research term for this tendency is:

Accepted Answer

theory-theory

Question 22

Four-year-old Graciela is a balanced bilingual, which means that she:

Accepted Answer

is fluent in both her native language and her second language.

Question 23

A disorder that research has suggested may result from abnormal development of the corpus callosum is:

Accepted Answer

autism

Question 24

The specialization of the functioning of the two halves of the brain is called:

Accepted Answer

lateralization

Question 25

Logical extension involves:

Accepted Answer

linking a newly-learned word to other objects in the same category.

Question 26

Which of these is an example of secondary prevention?

Accepted Answer

pushing a child out of the way of a falling ladder

Question 27

Jake\'s father takes him to the barber for his first real haircut. At first, Jake is excited, but as soon as the barber makes the first cut in his hair he becomes very upset and tells his father to make the barber stop. In spite of his father\'s efforts to assure Jake that his hair will grow back, Jake is exhibiting the characteristic known as:

Accepted Answer

irreversibility

Question 28

Which type of injury prevention begins after an injury and is done to limit the damage caused by the injury?

Accepted Answer

tertiary

Question 29

The characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child thinks that nothing changes is called:

Accepted Answer

static reasoning

Question 30

Overregularization occurs because children:

Accepted Answer

assume their language always follows the rules they already know.

Question 31

Opinions surrounding the issues of children\'s freedom on playgrounds and their supervision in public places are often affected by a person\'s:

Accepted Answer

culture

Question 32

The Reggio Emilia early-childhood program focuses on:

Accepted Answer

children\'s creativity and artistic talent

Question 33

Evelyn dropped a tiny spot of ketchup on her pants during lunch. Even though her teacher was able to totally remove the spot, Evelyn is crying hysterically and says that she wants to go home because her outfit is ruined. Her behavior demonstrates the characteristic of preoperational thought known as:

Accepted Answer

irreversibility

Question 34

Genes are most likely to influence which type of language?

Accepted Answer

expressive

Question 35

Between the ages of 2 and 6, a well-nourished child will gain about _____ pounds and grow about _____ inches per year.

Accepted Answer

4.5; 3

Question 36

A person\'s understanding of the thoughts of other people is called:

Accepted Answer

theory of mind

Question 37

Researchers had children sort picture cards by shape. Then they asked the same children to sort the same cards by color. They found that children under the age of 4:

Accepted Answer

had difficulty changing to a new sorting pattern

Question 38

About _____ percent of people in Great Britain and the United States are left-handed.

Accepted Answer

10

Question 39

The structures, rules, and techniques used to communicate meaning in language are called:

Accepted Answer

grammar

Question 40

What was Maria Montessori\'s objective when she created her preschool?

Accepted Answer

individual achievement

Question 41

In 2010 in the United States, 21 percent of children spoke English at school and _____ at home.

Accepted Answer

another

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