Chapter 5 GEO – Flashcards
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Water has a density of
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1g/cm
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Which hemisphere is dominated by water?
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Southern hemisphere
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How much energy does it take to condense water?
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540 calories
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When water condenses, it_____ heat energy and ______ the surrounding air
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Releases; heats
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When frost forms, it
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Warms the air by releasing 680 calories of heat energy to the air per gram.
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When water evaporates, it______ heat energy and ______ the surrounding air
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Absorbs; cools
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A humidity measure that remains constant as temperature and pressure change, and which is expressed as a mass of water vapor per mass (g/kg) of air, is
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Specific humidity
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As temperature increases during the day, relative humidity usually
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Decreases
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The elevation at which bottoms of clouds begin to form represents the elevation at which
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Dew point occurs and relative humidity reaches 100%
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The general term that refers to the tendency of a parcel of air to either remain in place or change its initial position is
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Stability
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An air parcel is considered unstable when it
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Continues to rise until it reaches an altitude at which the surrounding air has a similar density
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All adiabatic temperature changes occur as a result of
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Expansion or compression of air
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Assume a warm air parcel at earth's surface has a temperature of 21 degrees C and begins to rise upward. Assume it becomes saturated at 1000m altitude, and continues to rise to 2000 m altitude. What would be the approximate temperature of the parcel at an elevation of 2000m?
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5 degrees C
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Air that is not saturated will cool or heat at a rate of _____ as it rises or descends, respectively
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10 C degrees per 1000 m
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The wet adiabatic rate is _____ than the dry adiabatic rate because ______
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Less; condensation heats the air
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What is a middle level cloud type?
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Altostratus
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Cooling of a surface overnight that chills the air layer directly above the surface may form
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A radiation fog
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A fog that develops qhen warm, moist air blows over a cold current is an example of ______ fog
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Advection
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What is true regarding air masses?
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They are homogenous in terms of temperature and humidity
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Air masses that develop over Canada are examples of ______ air masses
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cP
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The intertropical convergence zone is characterized by
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Warm, wet rising air
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Storm tracks across the US and Canada generally
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Shift to the south in winter, and toward the north in summer
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Which cloud type is associated with tornado development?
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Cumulonimbus
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Why are the winds in a hurricane so strong?
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Pressure gradient is strong, pressure at center is low, and there is a lot of condensation in the center.
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Hurricanes die when they move over land because
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Evaporation and condensation are no longer sufficient to sustain them
