Chapter 4 (4.1) MAGMA: PARENT MATERIAL OF IGNEOUS ROCK – Flashcards

A body of molten rock found at depth, including any dissolved gases and crystals.

Rock formed from the crystallization of magma.

Magma that reaches Earth's surface.

Igneous rocks (ignis=fire) forms as molten rock cools and solidifies. Considerable evidence supports the idea that the parent material for igneous rocks, called ____, is formed by partial melting that occurs at various levels within Earth's crust and upper mantle to depths of about 250 kilometers (about 150 miles).

____ forms as molten rock cools and solidifies. Considerable evidence supports the idea that the parent material for ____, called magma, is formed by partial melting that occurs at various levels within Earth's crust and upper mantle to depths of about 250 kilometers (about 150 miles).

igneous: ignis means ___

The liquid portion of magma excluding the solid crystals.

The gaseous components of magma, called ____ , are materials that vaporize (form a gas) at surface pressures. The most common volatiles found in magma are water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), which are confined by the immense pressure exerted by the overlying rocks.

The gaseous components of magma, called volatiles, are materials that vaporize (form a gas) at surface pressures. The most common volatiles found in magma are ____, which are confined by the immense pressure exerted by the overlying rocks.

Magma is completely or partly molten rock, which when cooled solidifies to form igneous rocks composed of ____ minerals.

Most magmas consist of three materials: ___,___,___

Most magmas consist of three materials: a liquid component, a solid component, and a gaseous component. The liquid portion, called melt, is composed mainly of _____ of the eight most common elements found in Earth's crust—silicon and oxygen, along with lesser amounts of aluminum, potassium, calcium, sodium, iron, and magnesium.

Most magmas consist of three materials: a liquid component, a solid component, and a gaseous component. The liquid portion, called melt, is composed mainly of mobile ions of the eight most common elements found in Earth's crust—____..

The solid components (if any) in magma are crystals of ____. As a magma body cools, the size and number of crystals increase. During the last stage of cooling, a magma body is like a "crystalline mush" (resembling a bowl of very thick oatmeal) that contains only small amounts of melt.

The solid components (if any) in magma are crystals of silicate minerals. As a magma body cools, the size and number of crystals ____. During the last stage of cooling, a magma body is like a "crystalline mush" (resembling a bowl of very thick oatmeal) that contains only small amounts of melt.

Gaseous components of magma dissolved in the melt. ____ will readily vaporize (form a gas) at surface pressures.

The formation and growth of a crystalline solid from a liquid or gas.

An atom or a molecule that possesses an electrical charge.

In the process called ____, cooling reverses the events of melting. As the temperature of the liquid drops, ions pack more closely together as their rate of movement slows. When they are cooled sufficiently, the forces of the chemical bonds will again confine the ions to an orderly crystalline arrangement.

Igneous activity that occurs at Earth's surface.

extrusive igneous rock also called ___

Intrusive igneous rocks that form at depth.

Intrusive: deep in the earth: loses heat slowly: coarse crystals: ____

Extrusive: on earth's surface: loses heat rapidly; fine crystals; ____

___ is completely or partly molten rock, which when cooled solidifies to form igneous rocks composed of silicate minerals. Most ___ consist of three materials: a liquid component, a solid component, and a gaseous component.

List and describe the three components of magma.