Chapter 3~The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe – Flashcards
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persecute
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To cause a person to suffer because of his or her beliefs
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monastery
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A community of monks
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monk
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A man who has taken a solemn vow to devote his life to prayer and service in a monastery.
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clergy
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The body of people, such as priests, who perform the sacred functions of a church.
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excommunicate
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To formally deprive a person of membership in a church.
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sacrament
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A solemn rite of Christian churches
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pilgrimage
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A journey to a holy site
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relic
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An object that considered holy because it belonged to, or was touched by, a saint or other person
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convent;nunnery
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A community of nuns; also called a nunnery
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nun
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A woman who has taken a sacred vow to devote her life to prayer and service to the church
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university
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A school of advanced learning
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rhetoric
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The study of persuasive writing and speaking
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theology
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The study of God and religious truth
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natural laws
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The concept that there is a universal order built into nature that can guide moral thinking
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monasticism
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A way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith
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illuminated manuscript
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A handwritten book decorated with bright colors and precious metals
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religious order
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A brotherhood or sisterhood of monks, nuns, or friars
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friar
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A member of a certain religious order devoted to teaching and works of charity
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How was the Roman Catholic Church organized during the Middle Ages?
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Each local parish was led by a priest. Parishes were grouped together into dioceses, which were led by bishops. Archbishops oversaw groups of dioceses called archdioceses. The pope, or bishop of Rome, was the leader over all.
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How was the Roman Catholic Church organized during the Middle Ages?
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Each local parish was led by a priest. Parishes were grouped together into dioceses, which were led by bishops. Archbishops oversaw groups of dioceses called archdioceses. The pope, or bishop of Rome, was the leader over all.
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What role did the church play in government in medieval Europe?
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Church officials kept records and acted as advisors to monarchs. The church was the largest landholder and added to its power by collecting taxes.
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What was the subject of the conflict between Pope Gregory VII and the Holy Roman emperor, Henry IV?
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Gregory banned the practice of kings making appointments to church positions.
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During the Middle Ages, what was the purpose of sacraments according to the teachings of the church?
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The church taught that Christians had to receive sacraments in order to achieve salvation.
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What seven sacraments were administered by the church?
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The seven sacraments were baptism, confirmation, Eucharist, matrimony, holy orders, penance, extreme unction.
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Why did people undertake pilgrimages during the Middle Ages ? What were some of the popular destinations of pilgrims?
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People went on pilgrimages to show devotion to God, as an act of penance, or to find a cure for an illness. Popular destinations included Jerusalem, Rome, and Canterbury.
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What were the Crusades?
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The Crusades were military expeditions to the land where Jesus had lived. There purpose was to attempt to take back that land from Muslim control.
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In what ways did the art of medieval Europe reflect the influence of the Roman Catholic Church?
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Since most people could not read, art helped them understand Biblical stories.
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What were cathedrals? What were some of their key architectural features?
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Cathedrals were large churches and the seat of a bishop. Some key features included the nave, transepts, flying buttresses, gargoyles, pillars, and stained glass windows
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What role did the Roman Catholic Church play in education during the Middle Ages?
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Most schooling took place in monasteries, convents, and cathedrals. Much time was spent memorizing prayers and passages from the Bible in Latin.
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Who was Thomas Aquinas? What did he try to do with theology and ancient philosophy?
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Aquinas was an Italian scholar of philosophy and theology. He tried to bring together ancient philosophical ideas about reason and medieval theological beliefs about faith.
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What events did medieval holidays honor?
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Medieval holidays honored important events in the life of Jesus, such as his birth and Resurrection. Holidays also honored Christian saints and important religious concepts.
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What were some of the ways in which people celebrated holidays?
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People celebrated holidays by attending church and with feasts, music, dancing, games, and other forms of entertainment.
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What was the monastic life like?
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Monks and nuns took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. They spent their lives in work, study, and prayer, living in separate communities called monasteries and convents.
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How were the lives of mendicant friars different from monks?
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Friars did not shut themselves off from the rest of the world. They traveled among ordinary people to preach.
