Chapter 3- The Colonies Come of Age – Flashcards
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Mercantilism
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an economic system in which nations seek to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver
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What is Parliament?
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the legislative body of England
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what is the dominion of New England?
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the land form Southern Maine to New York Jersey
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Who is Sir Edmund Andros?
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ruler of new england/angered puritans by questioning the lawfulness of their religion
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Who took over the throne of England in 1689?
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William and Mary
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Why did William and Mary take over the throne in New England?
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parliament voted
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Glorious Revolution
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series of laws establishing its power over the monarchs/parliament restored to their original
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What happened in Massachusetts after the colonist hear about the glorious revolution?
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they stage a bloodless rebellion
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What government role did the King appoint for Massachusetts?
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he appointed a new governor
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Why did England turn its attention away from the colonies after 1688?
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because they turned it towards France because they were competing for the control of Europe
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Salutary Neglect
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an overall colonial policy
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How did parliament strengthen the Navigation Acts?
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they punished them
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Salutary neglect left nearly every colony under the control of who?
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the governor
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How did the colonist "influence" the governors?
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approval of laws
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What happened as a result of Englands "less than watchful eye" on the colonies?
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it created the conditions for a rebellion
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The 4 main points of the navigation act are:
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-No country can trade with colonies unless you have colonial or English ships -All vessels run by 3/4 colonist or English crews - Colonies only export certain products to English -Almost all goods between the colonies and Europe had to pass through English ports
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What is a cash crop?
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crops that were specifically grown to make a profit
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What were two popular cash crops during this time?
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Tobacco and Rice
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How did the geography of the South contribute to the self-sufficiency of Southern plantations?
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Waterways acted like highways
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How did colonial standards of living rise dramatically in the 18th century?
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-Tobacco exports tripled -Making more money
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Womens role in the south:
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-Could not vote or preach -Cook -Clean -Milk cows -Slaughter pigs -Tend garden -Sew -Wash
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What was life like for indentured servants?
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many traded a life of prison or poverty time for s limited time of servitude/harsh labor
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Why did english colonists have trouble forcing Native Americans into slavery?
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the Native Americans were reluctant to learn English labor techniques, and they could easily escape because they had far better knowledge of the local fields and forests
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What were the main reasons that English colonists turned to African slaves to fill their depleted labor force?
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they turned them into an alternate/ A slave worked for life and thus brought a much larger return on the investment
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Triangular trade involved what regions?
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New England, Africa, West Indies
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What was the middle passage?
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the voyage that brought slaves to the West Indies
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Why weren't slave owners punished if they killed their slaves?
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because it was considered as punishment to the slaves for disrespect
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How did slaves hold onto their culture and history?
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Wove baskets, molded pottery, and kept alive their musical traditions and retold stories of their ancestors
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Stono Rebellion
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a 1739 uprising of slaves in South Carolina, leading to the tightening of already harsh slave laws
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Where did runaway slaves find refuge?
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with Native American tribes and marriage between runaway slaves and Native Americans
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What types of crops were grown in the middle colonies?
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wheat and corn
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What types of industries developed in the North?
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grind wheat (mills), harvesting fish, sawing lumber, manufacturing ships
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Philadelphia:
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2nd largest city in the world -grid like street plans -open squares -police patrol -paved streets -whale oil lamps
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Who were the two largest non-English immigrant groups?
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Germans and Sots-Irish
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Why did Northerners have less incentive towards owning slaves?
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because raising wheat and corn did not require as much labor as raising tobacco or rice
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Womens rights in the North:
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-had extensive work responsibilities and few legal rights - women had to stay under their husbands role
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What were the underlying causes of the Salem Witchcraft in 1692?
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several salem girls accused a west Indian slave women, tituba, of practicing withcraft
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Enlightenment
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an 18th century intellectual movement that emphasized the use of reason and the scientific method as means of retaining knowledge
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What groups of people were fighting each other during the French and Indian War?
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French- Native Americans British- Colonists
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What is another name for the French and Indian War?
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the 7 years war
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What was one of the main reasons they were fighting during the French and Indian War?
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the Ohio River Valley
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Proclamation of 1763:
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banned all settlement west of the Appalachian mountains
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Sugar Act:
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1/2 duty (tax) on foreign molasses
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What were the main reasons that English colonists turn to African slaves to fill their depleted labor force?
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native people were harsh African Americans worked harder in the heat, dark skin made them inferior
