Chapter 3 Dustman – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers| Coccus |
| Spherical |
| Bacillus |
| Straight Rods |
| Vibrio |
| Gently Curved Rods, comma-shaped |
| Spirillum or Spirochete |
| Helical Rods |
Pleomorphic
|
| Many Shapes |
| Appendeged |
| Have tubes or stalks |
| Diplo- |
| pairs |
| Strrpto- |
| chains |
| Staphylo- |
| Clusters |
| Tetrads- |
"Squares" of 4 (Reserved only for cocci). |
| Sacrina- |
Cublical Packets of 8 cells (reserved only for cocci) |
| Plasma Membrane |
| Selectively Permeable barrier, mechanical boundary of the cell, nutrient & waste transport, location of many metabolic processes. |
| Gas Vacuole |
| Buoyancy for floating in aquatic environments. |
| Ribosomes |
| Protein Synthesis. |
| Inclusions |
| Storage of Phosphates, Carbon and other substances. |
| Nucleoid |
| Localization of Genetic Material (DNA). |
| Periplasmic Space |
| In gram (-) bacteria, contains hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins for nutrient processing and uptake; in gram (+) bacteria and archeal cells, may be smaller or absent. |
| cell wall |
| provides shape and protection from osmotic stress. |
| capsules and slime layers |
| resistance to phagocytosis, adherence to surfaces, rare in Archaebacteria. |
| Fimbriae and pili |
| Attachment to surfaces, bacterial conjugation and transformation, twitching and gliding motility. |
| Flagella |
| Swimming Motility |
| Endospore |
| Survival Under Harsh Conditions; only observed in Bacteria. |
| FtsZ |
| Helps septum formation in cell division. |
MreB and Mb1
|
|
| CreS |
| Induces Curveture in Rods. |
| Conjugative Plasmids |
Horizontal gene transfer, includes F factor and R plasmids (carry antibiotic resistance gene).
-these make organism more pathogenic, beat host immune system. |
| metabolic plasmids |
| carry genes for alternative metabolic substrates. |
| Col plasmids |
carry genes for colicin production.
-only very toxic to closely related species, give competitive advantage over other bacterias. |
| PHB |
(no phospoholipid bilayer, not an organelle). |
| Glycogen |
-starch-like, carbon and energy source. -found in many bacteria.
|
| Volutin |
Polyphosphate reservoirs (metachromatic granules); energy
-Found in many bacteria. |
| Sulfur Granules/ Globules |
-Elemental sulfur and H2S for example, energy and electron source. -found in photosynthetic purple bacteria.
|
| Cyancoohycin granules |
-polymer of aspartic acid and arginine (amino acids), stored nitrogen source. -found in cyanobacteria. |
Carboxysomes (microcompartments)
|
-contain RUBISCO and CO2 for carbon fixation rxns. -surrounded by a protein coat. -key For organisms to be Autotophic. |
| Magnetosomes |
-found in magnetic bacteria. -not a storage product, allows orientation for navigation toward nutrients. |
| Gas Vacuoles |
(really "gas vessicles") -impermeable to water but permeable to gas. -provides buoyancy for aquatic bacteria, organisms can change aquatic depths. |
| Ribosomes |
| site of translation (protein synthesis). |
| hopanoids |
| chemically analogous to steroids. which stabalize structure in cytoplasmic membrane. |
| Glycocalyx |
Exopolysaccharide in most cases.
-Serves as a energy storage molecule and/or protection. -two types: capsules and slime layers. |
| S-layer |
-In Gram (-): adheres to outer membrane - in Gram + directly associated with peptidoglycan - in archaea, may be only cell wall component present.
Protects Against: -pH fluctuation -Osmotic Stress -Hydrolytic Enzymes and Predatory Bacteria. |
| Fimbrae |
attach bacteria to solid surfaces ex. dental plaques. |
| Pilus (Pili) |
Involved in bacterial conjugation or transport of molecules in/ out of the cells.
-Allow transfer of plasmids from bacterial cell to another (facilitate horizontal transfer in bacteria). |
