Chapter 26 T/F – Flashcards
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Adipose tissue is one of the most hydrated of all tissues in the human body.
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False
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The most abundant cation in intracellular fluid is sodium.
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False
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Solutes, regardless of size, are able to move freely between compartments because water carries them along the osmotic gradients.
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False
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Electrolytes determine most of the chemical and physical reactions of body fluids.
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True
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The thirst center in the brain is located in the hypothalamus.
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True
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Dehydration can be caused by endocrine disturbances such as diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus.
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True
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It is impossible to overhydrate because people need as much water as they can drink to carry out ordinary body functions.
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False
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Water imbalance, in which output exceeds intake, causing an imbalance in body fluids, is termed dehydration.
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True
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Hypo-proteinemia reflects a condition of unusually high levels of plasma proteins and causes tissue edema.
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False
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To remain properly hydrated, water intake must equal water output.
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True
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Thirst is always a reliable indicator of body water need.
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False
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Sodium is pivotal to fluid and electrolyte balance and to the homeostasis of all body systems.
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True
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Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of sodium while enhancing potassium secretion.
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True
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Aldosterone is secreted in response to low extracellular potassium.
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False
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The main way the kidney regulates potassium ions is to excrete them.
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True
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Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasodilation and potassium and water retention.
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False
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Pre-menstrual edema may be due to enhanced reabsorption of sodium chloride.
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True
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Heavy consumption of salt substitutes high in potassium can present a serious clinical problem when aldosterone release is not normal.
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True
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Hypercalcemia causes muscle tetany.
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False
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The two hormones responsible for the regulation of calcium are pituitary hormone and calcitonin.
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False
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Calcitonin targets the bones and causes the release of calcium from storage when serum levels are low.
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False
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Salts are lost from the body in perspiration, and urine only.
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False
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Although the sodium content of the body may be altered, its concentration in the ECF remains relatively stable because of immediate adjustments in water volume.
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True
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When aldosterone release is inhibited, sodium reabsorption cannot occur beyond the distal convoluted tubule.
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True
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Some potassium ions are reabsorbed from the kidney filtrate via type A intercalated cells.
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True
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Carotid artery and aortic baroreceptors are involved in long term adjustment to total body sodium ion content.
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True
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The normal pH of blood is 7.35-7.45.
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True
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Most acidic substances, such as hydrogen ions, originate as by-products of cellular metabolism.
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True
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Weak acids are able to act as chemical buffering systems for the body because they partially dissociate.
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True
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The phosphate buffer system is relatively unimportant for buffering blood plasma.
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True
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The single most important blood buffer system is the bicarbonate buffer system.
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True
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One of the most powerful and plentiful sources of buffers is the protein buffer system.
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True
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As ventilation increases and more carbon dioxide is removed from the blood, the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood decreases.
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True
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Respiratory acidosis results when lungs are obstructed and gas exchange is inefficient.
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True
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Prolonged hyperventilation can cause alkalosis.
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True
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Blood acidity results in depression of the CNS, whereas blood alkalosis results in overexcitement of the CNS.
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True
