History Chapter 26 Test Questions – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Bank holiday
answer
All the banks were ordered to close until new laws could be passed. An emergency banking law was rushed through Congress. The Law set up new ways for the federal government to funnel money to troubled banks It also required the Treasury Department to inspect banks before they could re-open.
question
Agricultural Adjustment Act
answer
Recovery: (AAA); May 12, 1933; restricted crop production to reduce crop surplus; goal was to reduce surplus to raise value of crops; farmers paid subsidies by federal government; declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in US vs Butler on January 6, 1936
question
Emergency Banking Act
answer
gave the President power over the banking system and set up a system by which banks would be reorganized or reopened, A government legislation passed during the depression that dealt with the bank problem. The act allowed a plan which would close down insolvent banks and reorganize and reopen those banks strong enough to survive.
question
The Radio President
answer
FDR was the first pres. to master the use of the radio; friendly "fireside chats" kept the public informed of new improvements to the nation; FDR would explain his programs and plans to the people, which helped build public confidence in the admin.
question
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
answer
1933; National recovery admin. implemented all aspects of the recovery act. codes for fair dealing developed by business and labor leaders in order to deal fairly with one another. max. hours/min wages determined by the NRA; decided what goods would be produced, how much produced, and what price they sold at.
question
Public Works Administration
answer
Relief: June 1933; created by NIRA; spent $3.3 billion on public projects; provided the unemployed with work in public works; Recovery: contributed to a revival of the American industry; increased purchasing power and and improed public welfare; from July 1933 to March 1939 it took on 34,000 different public works projects; included airports, electricity-generating dams, major warships for navies, and bridges; spent over $6 billion dollars total
question
Schechter decision
answer
A case that came before the Supreme Court in 1935 concerning NRA code violations by the Schechter brothers who operated a wholesale poultry business confined to Brooklyn, NY; court ruled unanimously that the Schechters were not engaged in interstate commerce and that Congress had unconstitutionally delegated legislative power to the president to draft he NRA codes; this destruction of the NRA by the Court gave the New Deal a convenient excuse to end the program
question
Tennessee Valley Authority
answer
Reform: (TVA) May 1933; provide navigation flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer during Great Depression; used federal experts and electricity to fuel the economy; covered Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky, Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia; no citizenry or elected officials
question
Glass-Steagall Act
answer
established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and included banking reforms, some of which were designed to control speculation.; were both reactions of the U.S. government to cope with the economic problems which followed the Stock Market Crash of 1929.
question
Truth in Securities Act
answer
Passed by Congress to restore confidence in the stock market, required corporations issuing new securities to provide full and accurate information about them to the public.
question
Federal Emergency Relief Administration
answer
Relief: 1932; (FERA) response to Federal Emergency Relief Act; headed by Harry Hopkins; fought adult unemployment, gave money away, short term solution to unemployment; gave state/localities $3.1 billion; 20,000,000 got work; lasted from May 1933 to December 1935
question
Pump priming
answer
Government action taken to stimulate the economy, as spending money in the commercial sector, cutting taxes, or reducing interest rates
question
Civilian Conservation Corps
answer
Relief: (CCC) March 31, 1933; reduced poverty/unemployment, helped young men and families; young men go to rural camps for 6 months to do construction work; $1/day; intended to help youth escape cities; concerned with soil erosion, state/national parks, telephone/power lines; 40 hr weeks
question
Federal Housing Administration
answer
a United States government agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934. Insured loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building and home buying. The goals of this organization are: to improve housing standards and conditions; to provide an adequate home financing system through insurance of mortgage loans; and to stabilize the mortgage market.
question
Second New Deal
answer
Some thought the first New Deal (legislation passed in 1933) did too much and created a big deficit, while others, mostly the elderly, thought it did not do enough. Most of the 1933 legislation was ineffective in stopping the Depression, which led FDR to propose a second series of initiatives in 1935, referred to the Second New Deal.
question
American Liberty League
answer
a conservative anti-New Deal organization; members included Alfred Smith, John W. Davis, and the Du Pont family. It criticized the "dictatorial" policies of Roosevelt and what it perceived to be his attacks on the free enterprise system. Founded in 1934.
question
Dr. Francis E. Townsend
answer
American physician and social reformer whose plan for a government-sponsored old-age pension was a precursor of the Social Security Act of 1935.
question
Social Security System
answer
System established by the 1935 Social Security Act to provide finacial security, in the form of regular payments, to people who cannot support themselves
question
Father Charles Coughlin
answer
Headed the National Union for Social Justice. Began as a religious radio broadcaster, but turned to politics and finance and attracted an audiance of millions from many faiths. Promoted inflationary currency, anti-sematism.
question
Senator Huey P. Long
answer
Risen to power through his strident attacks on the banks, oil companies, and utilities, and on the conservative political oligarchy allied with them. Solid record of conventional progressive accomplishments: building roads, schools, and hospitals; revising the tax codes; distributing free textbooks; lowering utility rates. Share the Wealth program.
question
Holding Company Act
answer
sought to break power of major utilities
question
National Labor Relations Act
answer
(FDR) A 1935 law, also known as the Wagner Act, that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-managment relations. *, Made sure workers were treated and payed well and not getting abused by their business. *this law created the National Labor Relations Board to enforce the law and supervise shop elections
question
Industrial Unionism
answer
Idea that all people of a trade (auto, mine, etc.) should be in one union regardless of job
question
John L. Lewis
answer
President of the United Mine Workers, combined with seven other American Federation of Labor organizations to form the Committee for Industrial Organization. Wanted to bring together all of the unskilled workers together to mass-production industries
question
Congress of Industrial Organizations
answer
Orginially began as a group of unskilled workers who organized themselves into effective unions. As there popularity grew they came known for the revolutionary idea of the "sit down strike", there efforts lead to the passage of the Fair Labor Standard Act and the organization continued to thrive under the New Deal.
question
Sit-down strike
answer
Strike that lasted 34 days where employees would go to work and just sit. Changed the United Automobile Workers from a collection of isolated locals to a major union
question
Memorial Day Massacre
answer
police shot and killed ten demonstrators in Chicago, on May 30, 1937, took place during the "Little Steel Strike" in the United States, the incident arose after U.S. Steel signed a union contract, but smaller steel manufacturers called, Little Steel, called for a strike, on Memorial Day, hundreds of sympathizers gathered at Sam's Place, headquarters of Steel Workers Organizing Committee, as the crowd marched across the prairie towards the Republic Steel mill, a line of Chicago policeman blocked their path, when the foremost protestors argued their right to continue, police fired on the crowd, as the crowd fled, police bullets killed ten people
question
Social Security Act
answer
August 14, 1935- The Social Security Act was drafted by President Roosevelt's committee on economic security, under Edwin Witte. The Act provided benefits to retirees and the unemployed, and a lump-sum benefit at death. Payments to retirees were financed by a payroll tax on current workers' wages, half directly as a payroll tax and half paid by the employer.
question
Works Progress Administration
answer
(FDR) WPA 1935, , May 6, 1935- Began under Hoover and continued under Roosevelt but was headed by Harry L. Hopkins. Provided jobs and income to the unemplyed but couldn't work more than 30 hours a week. It built many public buildings and roads, and as well operated a large arts project.
question
Federal Writers' Project
answer
Federal government project to fund written work and support writers during the Great Depression. It was part of the Works Progress Administration, a New Deal program. It was one of a group of New Deal arts programs known collectively as Federal One.
question
National Youth Administration
answer
Created under FDR, (NYA) 1935, provided education jobs counseling and recreation for young people. part time positions at schools for students allowed for aid in h.s. college and grad school. part time jobs for drop outs
question
Union Party
answer
formed by the workers in Building Trades Council, committed to a program of reform almost indistinguishable of the progressives in the city, helped pass a child labor law, workmen's compensation law, and a limitation on working hours for women, in California.
question
Party Realignment
answer
An election or set of elections in which the electorate responds strongly to an extraordinarily powerful issue that has disrupted the established political order. A realignment has a lasting impact on public policy, popular support for the parties, and the composition of the party coalitions.
question
Coalition
answer
The union of diverse things into one body or form or group. A temporary alliance of several groups who come together to form a working majority and so to control a government
question
Court-Packing Plan
answer
1) FDR wanted to increase the size of the Supreme Court from 2) Sent bill to congress in '37: if a justice served for 10 years and didn't retire at 70, then the president could appoint another judge; passing of the bill would have allowed Roosevelt to appoint 6 new judged immediately => FDR's first serious mistake => Supreme court backing down on some of FDR's legislation
question
Temporary National Economic Committee
answer
established to study monopoly powers and to report to Congress with its findings
question
Fair Labor Standards Act
answer
June 25, 1938- United States federal law that applies to employees engaged in and producing goods for interstate commerce. The FLSA established a national minimum wage, guaranteed time and a half for overtime in certain jobs, and prohibited most employment of minors in "oppressive child labor," a term defined in the statute. The FLSA is administered by the Wage & Hour Division of the United States Department of Labor.
question
Broker State
answer
Term for the federal government after the New Deal that describes how the federal government mediates between various interest groups competing for advantages in the national economy
question
Marian Anderson
answer
In 1941, a planned concert by her at Constitution Hall was blocked by the Daughters of the American Revolution, who owned the hall, because she was black. With the support of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and his wife, Eleonor, she gave a free concert on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, which was attended by more than 75,000 peple. She was also the first black person to sing with the Metropolitan Opera of New York City
question
Black cabinet
answer
An informal network of black officeholders in the federal government; led by Mary McLeod Bethune, William Hastie, and Robert Weaver, they pushed for economic and political opportunities for African Americans in the 1930s and 1940s.
question
Revisionist Interpretation
answer
reinterpretation of orthodox views on evidence, motivations and decision-making processes surrounding an historical event. The assumption of the revisionist is that the interpretation of a historical event or period as it is accepted by the majority of scholars needs a significant change.
question
John Collier
answer
He founded the American Indian Defense Association in 1923. Appointed commissioner of Indian affairs in 1933 he translated into policy his vision of a renewed tribal life. Collier cadged funds from the CCC, PWA, and WPA to construct schools, hospitals, and irrigation systems on Indian reservations
question
Cultural relativism
answer
the perspective that a foreign culture should not be judged by the standards of a home culture and that a behavior or way of thinking must be examined in its cultural context
question
Indian Reorganization Act
answer
Government legislation that allowed the Indians a form of self-government and thus willingly shrank the authority of the U.S. government. It provided the Indians direct ownership of their land, credit, a constitution, and a charter in which Indians could manage their own affairs. In 1934.
question
Francis Perkins
answer
Was the U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the US Cabinet. As a loyal supporter of her friend Franklin D. Roosevelt, she helped pull the labor movement into the New Deal coalition. She and Interior Secretary Harold Ickes were the only original members of Roosevelt's cabinet who remained in offices for his entire Presidency
question
Hattie Caraway
answer
The first woman to be elected to the US Senate, from Arkansas
