Chapter 26 – Flashcards

All of the following are wastes removed by the kidneys EXCEPT urea. bilirubin. creatinine. drugs. water.

The glomerular filtrate contains a lower concentration of____ than does blood plasma. albumin glucose water sodium urea

Filtration through the glomerular capillaries is much greater than that seen in capillaries elsewhere in the body because the afferent arteriole in the glomerulus is smaller than the efferent arteriole. True or False

Which of the following equations is CORRECT? (a) NFP = GBHP + CHP - BCOP (b) NFP = GBHP - CHP + BCOP (c) NFP = GBHP + CHP + BCOP (d) NFP = GBHP - CHP - BCOP (e) NFP = GBHP - BCOP

Glomerular filtration rate is decreased by all of the following EXCEPT (a) increased production of angiotensin II. (b) increased secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide. (c) increased stretching of of smooth muscle fibers in afferent arterioles. (d) increased activity of renal sympathetic nerves.

Sodium ions may be reabsorbed through (a) sodium-glucose symporters in the proximal convoluted tubules. (b) sodium-hydrogen ion antiporters in the loop of Henle. (c) sodium-glucose symporters in the distal convoluted tubule. (d) sodium-hydrogen ion antiporters in the late distal convoluted tubule. (e) sodium-chloride symporters in the collecting duct.

Which of the following hormones increases reabsorption of sodium in the kidney? 1. angiotensin II 2. aldosterone 3. atrial natriuretic peptide (a)1 only (b)2 only (c)3 only (d)1 and 2 are correct (e)1, 2, and 3 are correct

Concentrated urine is formed in part because of the action of symporters which actively reabsorb ions from the fluid in the: (a)glomerulus. (b) proximal convoluted tubules. (c) descending limb of the nephron loop. (d) thick segment of the ascending nephron loop. (e) collecting ducts.

Trace amounts of bilirubin and urobilinogen may be found in a normal urine sample. True or False

Which of the following statements is correct? (A) The female urethra extends from the internal to external urethral orifices. (B) The male urethra is about 20cm long. (C) Both the male and the female urethra contain transitional epithelium, stratified columnar epithelium, and stratified squamous epithelium. (D) All of the statements are correct. (e) None of the statements are correct.

Which is NOT a function of the kidneys? (a) regulation of blood pressure (b) production of hormones (c) regulation of blood glucose level (d) regulating blood osmolarity (e) all of these choices are functions of the kidneys

Which of the following correctly Lists the connective tissues surrounding the kidneys STARTING WITH THE MOST SUPERFICIAL LAYER? (a) renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia (b) adipose capsule, renal fascia, renal capsule (c) renal fascia, renal capsule, adipose capsule (d) renal fascia, adipose capsule, renal capsule (e) renal capsule, renal fascia, adipose capsule

The renal ______ is part of the renal parenchyma. (a) cortex (b)pelvis (c)sinus (d) hilum (e) capsule

Which of the following correctly traces the flow of blood through the kidney after entry through the renal arteries and prior to entry into the peritubular capillaries? (A) segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries (B) segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole (C) segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, efferent arteriole, glomerulus, afferent arteriole (D) afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries (E) efferent arteriole, glomerulus, afferent arteriole, interlobular arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobar arteries, segmental arteries

Filtered fluid leaving the glomerular capillaries IMMEDIATELY enters the (a) glomerulus (b) proximal convoluted tubule (c) collecting duct (d) glomerular capsule (e) loop of Henle

Which does NOT promote filtration of large volumes of fluid? (a) large surface area presented by glomerular capillaries (b) thin and porous filtration membrane (c) high capsular hydrostatic pressure (d) high capillary blood pressure (e) relaxation of mesangial cells

Which INCREASES GFR? (a) narrowing the lumen of the afferent arterioles. (b) action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on mesangial cells. (c) increased release of renin. (d) decreased release of nitric oxide by the juxtaglomerular apparatus. (e) production of angiotensin II.

Regulation of the volume and osmolarity of body fluids occurs first in the (a) proximal convoluted tubules. (b) distal convoluted tubules. (c) loop of Henle. (d) glomerular capsule. (e) collecting ducts.

Which hormone does NOT influence ion or water reabsorption in the kidneys? (a) parathyroid hormone (b) erythropoietin (c) aldosterone (d) atrial natriuretic peptide (e) angiotensin II

Which of the following would be considered an ABNORMAL finding in a urinalysis? (a) urochrome (b) turbidity (c) specific gravity 1.020 (d) albumin (e) pH of 6.0

Screening tests which detect the concentration of _____ in the blood are commonly used to provide information about kidney function. (a) glucose and insulin (b) aldosterone and ADH (c) sodium and potassium (d) protein and amino acids (e) blood urea nitrogen and creatinine

Three pairs of kidneys form in the intermediate mesoderm of the fetus. True or False

The macula densa (a) consists of modified columnar epithelial cells that contact the afferent arteriole (b) consists of modified smooth muscle cells (c) consists of contractile cells that can increase the surface area of the glomerular capillaries (d) secretes the enzyme renin (e) is the target for aldosterone

The blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is higher than the blood pressure in typical systemic capillaries. True or False