Chapter 24 – The Digestive System (Part II) – Flashcards

Submucosal glands that secrete mucus are characteristic of the A) duodenum. B) jejunum. C) ileum. D) pancreas. E) liver.

The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from the A) duodenum and the jejunum. B) duodenum and the pylorus. C) common bile duct and the pancreatic duct. D) duodenum and the pancreatic duct. E) duodenum and the common bile duct.

The villi are most developed in the A) stomach. B) duodenum. C) jejunum. D) gallbladder. E) cecum.

Peyer's patches are characteristic of the A) stomach. B) duodenum. C) jejunum. D) ileum. E) colon.

Which of the following enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine? A) the circular folds B) the villi C) the microvilli D) intestinal movements E) All of the answers are correct.

Brunner glands are characteristic of the _____________ and produce mucous A) stomach. B) duodenum. C) jejunum. D) ileum. E) colon.

The middle segment of the small intestine is the A) ileum. B) duodenum. C) jejunum. D) pylorus. E) cecum.

The gallbladder empties bile into the ___________ via the bile duct. A) ileum. B) duodenum. C) jejunum. D) pylorus. E) cecum.

The main pancreatic duct connects with the common bile duct, which carries bile from the gallbladder, and together they connect with the ______________ at a point called the ampulla of Vater. A) ileum. B) duodenum. C) jejunum. D) pylorus. E) cecum.

The liver and gallbladder are interconnected by ducts known as the biliary tract, which drains into the first segment of the small intestine, the A) ileum. B) duodenum. C) jejunum. D) pylorus. E) cecum.

The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the A) haustrum. B) appendix. C) ileum. D) duodenum. E) jejunum.

Circular folds are A) ridges in the wall of the stomach. B) pleats in the lining of the small intestine. C) fingerlike projections on the surface of the mucosa of the small intestine. D) sacculations in the colon. E) abnormal structures formed by excessive pressure in the small intestine.

An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucin production by the submucosal duodenal glands is A) secretin. B) cholecystokinin. C) enterocrinin. D) GIP. E) gastrin.

The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery, bicarbonate-rich fluid is A) enterocrinin. B) secretin. C) cholecystokinin. D) GIP. E) gastrin.

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and relaxes the hepatic sphincter A) enteropeptidase. B) secretin. C) cholecystokinin. D) GIP. E) gastrin.

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells A) enterocrinin. B) enteropeptidase. C) secretin. D) cholecystokinin. E) gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).

An intestinal hormone that Is secreted when fats and carbohydrates enter small intestine is A) enterocrinin. B) enteropeptidase. C) secretin. D) cholecystokinin. E) gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

An intestinal hormone which is secreted in duodenum when chyme contains lipids and partially digested proteins. Accelerates pancreatic production and secretion of digestive enzymes, A) enteropeptidase. B) secretin. C) cholecystokinin (CCK). D) GIP. E) gastrin.

An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is A) secretin. B) cholecystokinin. C) enteropeptidase. D) gastrin. E) gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).

The human liver is composed of ________ lobe(s). A) one B) two C) three D) four E) two large and four small

The fusion of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the A) hepatic portal vein. B) porta hepatis. C) common bile duct. D) common pancreatic duct. E) bile canaliculus.

Nutrient rich, oxygen poor blood is transferred from the small intestine to the liver though the A) hepatic portal vein. B) porta hepatis. C) common bile duct. D) common pancreatic duct. E) bile canaliculus.

In the center of a liver lobule there is a A) hepatic duct. B) portal area. C) sinusoid. D) central vein. E) portal vein.

The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of ____________ which are blind pockets lined with simple cuboidal epithelium. Contain scattered pancreatic islets A) islets of Langerhans. B) pancreatic crypts. C) pancreatic acini. D) pancreatic lobules. E) triads

Digestive enzymes include trypsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatic lipase, and pancreatic amylase, and are produced and secreted by A) islets of Langerhans. B) pancreatic crypts. C) pancreatic acini. D) pancreatic lobules. E) triads

Endocrine cells of the ____________________ secrete insulin and glucagon into bloodstream. A) pancreatic islets. B) pancreatic crypts. C) pancreatic acini. D) pancreatic lobules. E) triads

Each of the following is a function of the liver except A) synthesis and secretion of bile. B) antibody production. C) synthesis of plasma proteins. D) inactivation of toxins and removal of wastes. E) storage of glycogen and iron reserves.

True or False The liver plays an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids (proteins)

The basic functional units of the liver are the A) hepatocytes. B) Kupffer cells. C) lobules. D) portal areas. E) bile canaliculi.

________ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of irregular plates converging toward a central vein. A) Kupffer cells B) Hepatocytes C) Bile canaliculi D) Portal areas E) Hepatic ducts

Kupffer cells are located in the sinusoidal lining of the liver. These cells A) destroy damaged RBCs. B) destroy bacteria. C) present antigens. D) are phagocytic. E) All of the answers are correct.

The oral cavity produces _______________ to break down lipids and carbohydrates. A) lipases and amylase. B) nucleases. C) peptidases and proteinases. D) sodium bicarbonate. E) All of the answers are correct.

Pancreatic __________________is a carbohydrase which breaks down starches into simple sugars. A) trypsinogen. B) amylase. C) carboxypeptidase. D) lipase. E) All of the answers are correct.

The pancreas produces _______________ to break down nucleic acids A) lipases and amylase. B) nucleases. C) peptidases and proteinases. D) sodium bicarbonate. E) All of the answers are correct.

The structure that marks the division between the right and left lobes of the liver is the A) lesser omentum. B) greater omentum. C) falciform ligament. D) ligamentum teres. E) hepatic ligament.

The parotid salivary glands in the oral cavity produces ________________ which breaks down starches. A) salivary amylase. B) nucleases. C) peptidases and proteinases. D) sodium bicarbonate. E) All of the answers are correct.

Bile is stored in the ________________. This organ hangs off the bottom of the liver. A) liver. B) duodenum. C) pancreas. D) gallbladder. E) appendix.

A proenzyme secreted by the pancreas is A) trypsinogen. B) amylase. C) carboxypeptidase. D) lipase. E) All of the answers are correct.

The gastroileal reflex A) empties the duodenum. B) promotes gastric secretion. C) decreases peristaltic activity. D) moves some chyme to the colon. E) is relayed through the CNS.

The gastroenteric reflex A) empties the duodenum. B) promotes gastric secretion. C) stiumulates peristaltic activity. D) moves some chyme to the colon. E) is relayed through the CNS.

A surgical procedure to promote rapid weight loss is removal of most of the A) pancreas. B) liver. C) duodenum. D) jejunum. E) ileum.

Which of the following has an association with the fetal umbilical vein? A) falciform ligament B) greater omentum C) mesentery proper D) lesser omentum E) diaphragm

Which of the following is not a component of the portal triad found at the edges of a liver lobule? A) hepatic artery B) bile duct C) central vein D) hepatic portal vein

Enterogastric reflexes A) inhibit gastric motility. B) inhibit gastric secretion. C) are triggered by chyme entering the duodenum. D) involve the enteric nervous system. E) All of the answers are correct.

The part of the small intestine most likely to develop an ulcer from exposure to gastric juice is the A) pylorus. B) duodenum. C) ileum. D) caecum. E) jejunum.

In response to the arrival of acidic chyme in the duodenum, the A) blood levels of secretin rise. B) blood levels of cholecystokinin fall. C) blood levels of gastrin rise. D) blood levels of enterocrinin fall. E) liver releases enzymes for chemical digestion.

Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of A) proteins. B) fats. C) disaccharides. D) complex carbohydrates. E) vitamins.

Vitamin K, Biotin, and Vitamin B5 are all vitamins produced in the A) pancreas B) esophagus C) large intestine D) stomach E) small intestine

The essential functions of the liver include A) metabolic regulation. B) hematological regulation. C) bile production. D) albumin production for blood osmotic pressure. E) All of the answers are correct.

Match the proenzyme on the left (1-3) with the correct enzyme activator on the right (4-6) 1. pepsinogen 4. enterokinase 2. trypsinogen 5. hydrochloric acid 3. procarboxypeptidase 6. trypsin A) 1 and 6; 2 and 5; 3 and 4 B) 1 and 4; 2 and 5; 3 and 6 C) 1 and 4; 2 and 6; 3 and 5 D) 1 and 5; 2 and 6; 3 and 4 E) 1 and 5; 2 and 4; 3 and 6

A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would affect A) acid production by the stomach. B) the composition of pancreatic secretions. C) the delivery of bile. D) digestion of lipids and proteins. E) All of the answers are correct.

An obstruction of the common bile duct often results in A) undigested fat in the feces. B) a decrease in production of pancreatic juice. C) inability to digest protein. D) cirrhosis of the liver. E) hepatitis.

If the pancreatic duct was obstructed, you would expect to see elevated blood levels of A) bilirubin. B) amylase. C) cholecystokinin. D) secretin. E) gastrin.

Tom has hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in Tom? A) jaundice B) elevated levels of blood glucose C) impaired digestion of protein D) blood in the feces E) overproduction of blood plasma albumin

In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluid A) rich in enzymes. B) rich in bicarbonate ion. C) rich in bile. D) rich in mucus. E) that contains only amylase.

In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluid A) rich in enzymes. B) rich in bicarbonate. C) rich in bile. D) rich in mucus. E) that contains only amylase.

Tony is a chronic alcoholic with cirrhosis of the liver, a condition in which liver cells die and are replaced by connective tissue. Which of the following signs would you expect to observe in Tony? A) increased clotting time B) jaundice C) portal hypertension and ascites D) decrease in plasma protein production E) All of the answers are correct.

Approximately ________ liters of fluid are secreted by the small intestine each day. A) 20 B) 10 C) 2 D) 1 E) 7

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term duodenal ampulla? A) where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum B) carries absorbed sugars and amino acids C) stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid D) causes gallbladder to contract E) stimulates gastric secretion

Hydrochloric acid from the stomach is neutralized in the small intestine by A) water that was ingested with the food. B) bicarbonate from the pancreas. C) trypsin. D) bile from the liver. E) enzymes from the intestinal crypts.

Which digestive juice contains enzymes that breakdown carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins? A) intestinal juice B) pancreatic juice C) bile D) gastric juice E) saliva

Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called A) segmentation. B) pendular movements. C) haustral churning. D) defecation. E) mass movements.

___________________ can include a long reflex which is mediated by parasympathetic innervation in pelvic nerves and causes relaxation of internal anal sphincter as well as a somatic reflex wherein motor commands carried by pudendal nerves stimulate contraction of external anal sphincter (skeletal muscle) A) segmentation. B) pendular movements. C) haustral churning. D) defecation. E) mass movements.

Functions of the large intestine include all EXCEPT A) Reabsorption of water B) secretion of vitamins. C) Absorption of important vitamins produced by bacteria D) Storage of fecal material prior to defecation E) Compaction of intestinal contents into feces

Functions of the large intestine include all of the following EXCEPT A) absorption of bile salts. B) secretion of vitamins. C) reabsorption of water and compaction of feces. D) production of gas to move waste toward the rectum. E) most of the chemical breakdown of food.

At the hepatic flexure, the colon becomes the A) ascending colon. B) transverse colon. C) descending colon. D) sigmoid colon. E) rectum.

Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the A) anus. B) anal canal. C) rectum (anal canal). D) sigmoid colon. E) rectal column.

The _____________ an S-shaped segment, about 15 cm (6 in.) long which lies posterior to urinary bladder and empties into rectum A) anus. B) anal canal. C) rectum. D) sigmoid colon. E) rectal column.

Haustra are A) expansible pouches of the colon. B) strips of muscle in the colon. C) glands in the large intestine that secrete mucus. D) the source of colon hormones. E) compact feces stored in the rectum.

The taenia coli are A) tears of the colon. B) longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall. C) ridges in the mucosa of the colon. D) polyps that obstruct the sigmoid colon. E) tumors normally confined in the sigmoid colon.

At the splenic flexure, the colon becomes the A) ascending colon. B) transverse colon. C) descending colon. D) sigmoid colon. E) rectum.

The pouchlike structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the A) appendix. B) sigmoid colon. C) rectum. D) haustra. E) cecum.

A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the A) haustra. B) pancreas. C) gallbladder. D) appendix. E) ileum.

Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements. A) peristaltic B) segmentation C) mass D) pendular E) writhing

The defecation reflex involves A) sympathetic nerves. B) relaxation of both the internal and external anal sphincters. C) conscious control of both the internal and external anal sphincters. D) relaxation of the ileocecal valve to move feces into the rectum. E) parasympathetic nerve control from sacral nerves

The enzyme amylase digests A) peptides. B) polysaccharides. C) disaccharides. D) triglycerides. E) nucleotides.

Long reflexes do all of the following EXCEPT A)Higher level control of digestive and glandular activities B)Control large-scale peristaltic waves C)Involve interneurons and motor neurons in CNS D)Operate entirely outside of CNS control E)May involve parasympathetic motor fibers that synapse in the myenteric plexus

Which of the following is UNTRUE regarding the anal sphincter? A)The internal anal sphincter has a circular muscle layer of muscularis externa B)The internal anal sphincter has smooth muscle cells, not under voluntary control C)The external anal sphincter encircles distal portion of anal canal D)The external anal sphincter has ring of skeletal muscle fibers, under involuntary control E)The external anal sphincter has ring of skeletal muscle fibers, under voluntary control

Short reflexes do all of the following EXCEPT A)Are responsible for local reflexes B)Control small segments of digestive tract C)Involve interneurons and motor neurons in CNS D)Operate entirely outside of CNS control E)Involve sensory neurons, Motor neurons, and Interneurons

An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is A) lipase. B) amylase. C) nuclease. D) maltase. E) trypsin.

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the A) mouth. B) esophagus. C) stomach. D) duodenum. E) ileum.

If digestion of a carbohydrate results in equal amounts of glucose and galactose, this carbohydrate is probably A) sucrose. B) maltose. C) lactose. D) cellulose. E) glycogen.

Which of the following is false concerning the process known as cotransport? A) Only neutral compounds such as sugars are transported. B) More than one molecule or ion is moved through the cell membrane at one time. C) ATP is not required by the transport protein. D) Molecules can be moved against a concentration gradient.

Products of fat digestion are transported initially by A) capillaries. B) veins. C) lymphatic vessels. D) the interstitial fluid. E) the arterioles.

The absorption of some sugars in the small intestine involves A) osmosis. B) diffusion. C) cotransport. D) phagocytosis. E) pinocytosis.

The process of ___________________ which breaks molecular bonds in large organic molecules such as Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. This must occur in the presence of water. A) osmosis. B) diffusion. C) hydrolysis D) phagocytosis. E) pinocytosis.

Absorption of glucose from the gut lumen depends on A) the sodium-potassium pump in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cell. B) cotransporter proteins in the apical membrane of the epithelial cell. C) higher sodium ion concentration in the lumen than in the epithelial cell. D) sodium-linked cotransport. E) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term cholecystokinin (CCK)? A) where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum B) carries absorbed sugars and amino acids C) stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid D) causes gallbladder to contract E) stimulates gastric secretion

Which of the following is true regarding lactose intolerance? A) The stomach produces inadequate amounts of lactase. B) Lactose-intolerant infants cannot digest dairy fat and are at risk of starvation. C) The person cannot digest any type of monosaccharide. D) The intestinal crypts are not producing the enzyme lactase. E) The enzyme maltase begins to digest lactose.

The circumferential folds that encircle the digestive tract are known as A) muscularis externa. B) circular folds. C) rugae. D) serosa. E) adventitia.

Within the oral cavity, both mechanical and chemical ________ begin. A) mastication B) deglutition C) digestion D) ingestion E) secretions

Swallowing, also called _________________, can be initiated voluntarily A) mastication B) deglutition C) digestion D) ingestion E) secretions

The oral cavity performs (a) ________ prior to swallowing. A) sensory analysis B) taste scrutiny C) humidity investigation D) pH examination E) volume evaluation

The dangling process that aids in keeping food out of the nasopharynx is known as the ____________. The deglutination phase where this is utilized is the pharyngeal phase. A) palatine tonsil. B) pharyngeal tonsil. C) soft palate. D) tongue. E) uvula.

A viral infection that often involves the parotid glands, which swell noticeably, is A) parotiditis. B) mumps. C) dysphagia. D) polyps. E) gingivitis.

The oral cavity is also known as the ________ cavity. A) gingivae B) pharyngeal C) digestive D) buccal E) lingual

The first teeth to appear are the ________ teeth. A) provisional B) transitory C) transitional D) temporary E) deciduous

There are normally a total of ________ primary teeth. A) 18 B) 20 C) 25 D) 28 E) 32

The secondary dentition usually comprises ________ teeth. A) 20 B) 25 C) 28 D) 32 E) 34

The technical term for chewing is A) mastication. B) deglutition. C) peristalsis. D) segmentation. E) borborygmus.

The small, semisolid mass of food formed during mastication is called a A) chunk. B) chime. C) morsel. D) bolus. E) pill.

Upon swallowing, food moves from the mouth directly into the A) oral vestibule. B) buccal cavity. C) sublingual space. D) oropharynx. E) oral mucosae.

After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as A) bolus. B) chunk. C) chyme. D) feces. E) segments.

Bile salts aid in the digestion of fats by ________ large fat droplets. A) dehydrating B) anabolizing C) binding D) combining E) emulsifying

The ________ duct is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. A) pancreatic B) hepatopancreatic C) gastric D) common bile E) duodenal

Your patient with liver failure has a firm, rounded abdomen due to accumulation of fluid. This is known clinically as A) hepatitis C. B) ascites. C) hepatitis B. D) cirrhosis. E) gastritis.

Identify the incorrect pairing. A) gallbladder; stores bile B) esophagus; transports material to stomach C) pancreas; secretes amylases D) liver; produces intrinsic factor E) stomach; has an alkaline lining

The middle segment of the small intestine is called the A) duodenum. B) ileum. C) hilum. D) jejunum. E) cecum.

Pancreatic juice enters the small intestine at the A) hepatic duct. B) ileocecal valve. C) duodenal papilla. D) pyloric sphincter. E) cystic duct.

Bile is transferred to the small intestines through the __________________ of the liver. A) hepatic duct. B) ileocecal valve. C) duodenal papilla. D) pyloric sphincter. E) cystic duct.

The small intestine ends at the ________________, a sphincter that controls flow of material from the ileum into the cecum of the large intestine A) hepatic duct. B) ileocecal valve. C) duodenal papilla. D) pyloric sphincter. E) cystic duct.

The pancreas has endocrine cells that produce hormones and ________ cells that produce digestive enzymes. A) mucosal B) hepatic C) gastric D) smooth muscle E) exocrine

In the large intestine the wall has three strips of longitudinal muscle called the A) muscularis mucosa. B) muscularis interna. C) muscularis externa. D) taenia coli. E) haustral bands.

The clinical term for the gas produced by bacteria in the colon as they metabolize indigestible carbohydrates is called A) wind. B) fumes. C) flatus. D) gust. E) vapors.

The enzyme that digests starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides is ___________. This process begins in the oral cavity and also occurs in the pancreas. A) rennin. B) amylase. C) lipase. D) lactase. E) saccharase.

The enzyme that begins lipid digestion in the glands of the tongue is _____________. A) rennin. B) amylase. C) lingual lipase. D) lactase. E) saccharase.

The small intestine has to re-infuse an amylase and a lipase out of the because __________________. A) the enzymes had to be filtered out previously B) the enzymes were too large previously C) the ph in the stomach was 2.0, so they did not work after traveling from the salivary glands D) their ph was too high for the stomach E) their ph was too low for the stomach

Maltose is hydrolyzed into monosaccharides by the enzyme A) maltase. B) dextrase. C) lactase. D) galactase. E) sucrase.

Sucrose is hydrolyzed by sucrase into glucose and A) glucose. B) lactose. C) fructose. D) maltose. E) galactose.

People who lack the enzyme ________ often experience GI upset after consuming milk and other dairy products. A) maltase B) lactase C) galactase D) sucrase E) lipase

Complexes of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and bile salts are called A) chylomicrons. B) countertransporters. C) vesicles. D) micelles. E) varicosities.

Lipids form _________________ that diffuse into lacteals and are delivered to the left subclavian vein by the thoracic duct. A) chylomicrons. B) countertransporters. C) vesicles. D) micelles. E) varicosities.