Chapter 23 : The Digestive System – Flashcards

Which of the following are types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds? a.fungiform, circumvallate, and filiform b. circumvallate and filiform c. palatine and circumvallate d. fungiform and circumvallate

From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen. serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

Parietal cells of the stomach produce ________. hydrochloric acid mucin rennin pepsinogen

There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________. immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx of a variety of nutrients before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought at the end of a large meal, and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the GI tract for a long period of time when the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required

Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile. Bile contains enzymes for digestion. Bile functions to emulsify fats. Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion. Bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs.

Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products? parietal cells enteroendocrine cells mucous neck cells zymogenic cells

Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth. There are 27 primary teeth, and the molars are permanent. There are 32 primary teeth, and most children lose these teeth due to decay because they are never very strong. There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20. There are 24 primary teeth, and no new primary teeth appear after 13 months.

Chief cells ________. occur in the intestine produce mucin are found in the basal regions of the gastric glands produce HCl

Pancreatic amylase does not get to the small intestine via the ________. hepatopancreatic ampulla accessory pancreatic duct cystic duct main pancreatic duct

The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task? the vast array of digestive enzymes the rugae Brunner's glands plicae circulares and intestinal villi

Paneth cells ________. are located next to the lacteal in a villus secrete enzymes that kill bacteria are more common in the ileum than in the jejunum are absorptive cells in the small intestine

Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged? proteins carbohydrates starches lipids

Chyme is created in the ________. stomach small intestine esophagus mouth

Which of these is not a component of saliva? lysozyme a cyanide compound nitric oxide defensins

The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________. secretion digestion ingestion Absorption

A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol, emulsification agents, and phospholipids is ________. bile gastric juice intestinal juice pancreatic juice

Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of ________. simple carbohydrates and alcohols protein and peptide fragments fatty acids starches and complex carbohydrates

Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier? tight junctions of epithelial mucosa cells thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus rennin replacing of damaged epithelial mucosa cells

The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________. serosa lamina propria muscularis mucosae adventitia

Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body? nasal cavity tongue salivary glands esophagus

If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the ________. mucosa serosa muscularis externa submucosa

In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________. initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins is the only place where fats are completely digested is the first site where absorption takes place is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place

The enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule is called ________. diffusion hydrolysis active transport denatured

Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria? synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins synthesize vitamins C and D produce gas absorb bilirubin

Which of these is not part of the splanchnic circulation? celiac artery hepatic portal vein superior mesenteric artery inferior vena cava

Hormones or paracrines that inhibit gastric secretion include ________. ACh secretin histamine gastrin

The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively, unite to form the ________. hepatopancreatic ampulla bile canaliculus portal vein pancreatic acini

The dental formula for an adult is 2-1-2-3. What does the 1 stand for? premolar tooth molar tooth incisor tooth canine tooth

The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells? serous cells and mucous cells cuboidal epithelium and ciliated columnar cells parietal cells and glial cells goblet cells and squamous epithelial cells

There are some 20 known pathogens found in the large intestine; our Ig ________ antibody-mediated response restricts them from going beyond the mucosa and causing problems. M D A E

The lamina propria is composed of ________. loose connective tissue reticular connective tissue dense regular connective tissue dense irregular connective tissue

The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________. serosal lining lamina propria mucosal lining mesenteries

________ is locally regulated in the blood by the active form of vitamin D, which acts as a cofactor. Phosphorus Iron Sodium Calcium

A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding. On examination, it is found that the sphincter controlling food passage from the stomach to the duodenum is thickened and does not open readily. Because of the baby's loss of gastric juice, his blood probably indicates ________. acidosis dysphagia alkalosis ketosis

Select the correct statement about electrolyte absorption. If vitamin B is not present, calcium is not absorbed. Iron and calcium are absorbed mostly by the duodenum. Potassium moves across the epithelium by active transport. Chlorine ion absorption is coupled to glucose and amino acid transport.

Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile? gastrin cholecystokinin secretin gastric inhibitor peptide

Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by ________. somatic neurons in the spinal cord the rubrospinal tracts the reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts the vagus nerve and enteric plexus

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed? K C B12 A

Peristaltic waves are ________. waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract

The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the ________. jejunum ileum pyloric sphincter duodenum

The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur? The acid secretions from the stomach would be sufficient to digest this food. This type of food would cause secretion of gastrin to cease, causing digestive upset. Severe indigestion would occur, caused by the lack of sufficient digestive enzymes. Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum.

Hepatocytes do not ________. process nutrients detoxify store fat-soluble vitamins produce digestive enzymes

Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth. The presence of food in the stomach prevents hormonal control of gastric secretion. Vagus stimulation of the stomach results in decreased secretion of gastric juice. Gastric secretion is enhanced by very low pH (below a pH of 2).

Select the correct statement about digestive processes. Chyme entering the duodenum can decrease gastric motility via the enterogastric reflex. All commonly ingested substances are significantly absorbed by the mucosa of the stomach. Pepsin is an enzyme produced by the stomach for the purpose of starch digestion. Enterogastrone is a hormone that helps increase gastric motility.

What part of the tooth bears the force of chewing? cementum pulp crown enamel

The major role of absorption in the ileum is to reclaim bile salts to be recycled back to the liver.

The stomach's contractile rhythm is set by pacemaker cells found in the spinal cord.

The digestive function of the liver is to produce bile.

Dentin anchors the tooth in place.

Most nutrients are absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villi by active transport.

Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein digestion and is secreted by the parietal cells.

Ionic iron is actively transported into the mucosal cells, where it binds to the protein ferritin, a phenomenon called the mucosal iron barrier.

All the chemical and mechanical phases of digestion from the mouth through the small intestine are directed toward changing food into forms that can pass through the epithelial cells lining the mucosa into the underlying blood and lymphatic vessels.

Food is contained in the gastrointestinal tract from the time of ingestion until it is completely digested and the waste prepared for elimination.

The major stimulus for production of intestinal fluid is distention or irritation of the intestinal mucosa by hypertonic or acidic chyme.

The intrinsic ability of visceral smooth muscle to exhibit the stress-relaxation response is termed plasticity.

The main chemical activity of the stomach is to begin the digestion of proteins.

The major stimulus for production of intestinal fluid is distention or irritation of the intestinal mucosa by hypertonic or acidic chyme.

The intrinsic ability of visceral smooth muscle to exhibit the stress-relaxation response is termed plasticity.

The main chemical activity of the stomach is to begin the digestion of proteins.

Kupffer cells are found in the liver and are responsible for removing bacteria and worn-out cells.

As food passes through the digestive tract, it becomes less complex and the nutrients are more readily available to the body.

The first teeth to appear are the deciduous teeth.