Chapter 23 Study Guide – Part 2 – Flashcards
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Define Dalton's law:
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Each gas in a mixture of gases exerts it's own pressure that is unaffected by the other gases in the mixture.
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What is the definition of partial pressure? How can gas partial pressures be used to determine total pressure?
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Partial pressure is the pressure of a specific gas in a mixture. You can calculate the total pressure by adding up all of the partial pressures.
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What gases (and in what proportions) comprise atmospheric air?
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N2=78.8%-PN2=597.4 mmHg
O2=20.9%-PO2=158.8 mmHg
H20=.3%-PH2O=2.3 mmHg
CO2=.04%-PCO2=.3 mmHg
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Do all gases contribute equally to atmospheric pressure?
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Each gas exerts it's own pressure.
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Understand how increasing and decreasing pressure will affect the amount of gas that goes into solution.
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If pressure increases, more gas goes into the solution.
If pressure decreases, gas will go out of the solution.
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Define Henry's law.
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The degree to which gas goes into solution is proportional to pressure and its solubility.
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Do all gases go into solution equally? Why is this important?
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-not all gases go in equally
-more solubility less pressure to get into solution
-CO2 is more soluble that O2
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What is the PO2 in the alveolus during pulmonary gas exchange?
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104 mmHg
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What is the PO2 in the pulmonary capillary during pulmonary gas exchange?
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40 mmHg
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What is the PCO2 in the alveolus during pulmonary gas exchange?
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40 mmHg
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What is the PCO2 in the pulmonary capillary during pulmonary gas exchange?
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45 mmHg
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What is the PO2 in the tissue cell during tissue gas exchange?
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40 mmHg
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What is the PO2 in the systemic capillary during tissue gas exchange?
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100 mmHg
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What is the PCO2 in the tissue cell during tissue gas exchange?
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45 mmHg
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What is the PCO2 in the systemic capillary during tissue gas exchange?
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40 mmHg
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Understand what occurs during oxygen loading.
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Oxygen from alveoli binds to hemoglobin (Hb) in the pulmonary capillaries, converting it to oxyhemoglobin (Hb02)
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Where does this occur?
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Pulmonary capillaries
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Understand what occurs during oxygen unloading.
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Hemoglobin in the systemic capillaries released oxygen to the tissue cells
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Where does this occur?
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Systemic capillaries
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Understand how the binding affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen changes as you bind
an increasing number of oxygen molecules.
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Each hemoglobin can carry up to 4 O2. It's easier for each subsequent O2 to bind to Hb. Able to have high saturation and a low PO2.
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How will changes in temperature effect hemoglobin saturation? What direction does
the curve shift?
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If temp increases, decrease Hb saturation decreases, curve shifts to the right.
If temp decreases, Hb saturation increases, curve shifts to the left.
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Will hemoglobin saturation increase or decrease when PCO2 decreases? What
direction does the curve shift?
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Increases saturation, shifts left
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List the three ways that carbon dioxide is transported in our bodies.
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1. Dissolved in plasma (7%)
2. Bound to hemoglobin (23%)
-carbaminohemoglobin
3. Bicarbonate method (70%)
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Know the equation that represents the bicarbonate method of carbon dioxide transport. Be sure to understand the equation in both directions.
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CO2 +H20 ?? H2CO3 ?? H+ +HCO3-
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What happens during the chloride shift?
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HCO3- enter the plasma as Cl- enter the RBC
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How will an increase in PCO2 effect blood pH? How would this effect the rate of respiration?
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Decrease blood pH, decrease rate of respiration
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How will a decrease in PCO2 effect blood pH? How would this effect the rate of
respiration?
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Increase blood pH, increase rate of repiration
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Will the VRG be used during quiet or forced breathing?
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forced breathing
