Chapter 22 Test Questions – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
The nose is divided into right and left halves termed the a. Nasal cavities b. Nasal fossae c. Nasal septa d. Nasal vestibules e. Nasal apertures
answer
Nasal fossae
question
Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? a. It controls the ph of body fluids b. It promotes the flow of lymph and venous blood c. It helps regulate blood pressure d. It assists in the synthesis of vasodilators e. It helps with defecation
answer
It assists in the synthesis of vasodilators
question
The upper respiratory tract extends: a. From the nose through the trachea b. From the nose through the pharynx c. From the nose through the larynx d. From the nose through the alveoli e. From the nose through the lungs
answer
From the nose through the larynx
question
One benefit from air passing by the turbinates is: a. The turbinates separate airflow from food and drink b. The lower respiratory system remains humidified c. The turbinates filter CO2 from the air d. They increase its oxygen concentration e. This is where odors are detected
answer
The lower respiratory system remains humidified
question
The most numerous cells in the lungs are called: a. Mucosal cells b. Type I alveolar cells c. Type II alveolar cells d. Dust cells e. Vibrissae
answer
Dust cells
question
Each alveolus is surrounded by a basket of blood capillaries supplied by? a. The aorta b. The pulmonary artery c. The pulmonary vein d. The inferior vena cava e. The superior vena cava
answer
b. The pulmonary artery
question
Which of the following does not have cilia? a The nasal cavity b. The trachea c. The bronchi d. Terminal bronchioles e. Respiratory bronchioles
answer
Respiratory bronchioles
question
What is the basic distinction between an alveolar duct and an alveolar atrium? a. Their shape b. Their size c. Their function d. Their epithelial type e. Presence or absence of cilia
answer
Their shape
question
Crude sounds are formed into intelligible speech by all of the following except: a. The pharynx b. The epiglottis c. The oral cavity d. The tongue e. The lips
answer
The epiglottis
question
Which of the following cartilages is largest? a. The corniculate cartilage b. The epiglottic cartilage c. The thyroid cartilage d. The cricoids cartilage e. The arytenoids cartilage
answer
The thyroid cartilage
question
The Valsalva maneuver can assist in diagnosing a hernia by a. Increasing intrathoracic pressure b. Decreasing intraabdominal pressure c. Increasing expiratory force d. Reducing expiratory force e. Increasing mediastinal pressure
answer
Decreasing intraabdominal pressure
question
______ states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases a. Boyle's law b. Valsalva's law c. Dalton's law d. Charle's law e. Henry's law
answer
Dalton's law
question
In a healthy person, which of the following will have the greatest influence on resistance to pulmonary airflow? a. Atmospheric pressure b. Respiratory rate c. Bronchiole diameter d. Quantity of surfactant e. The diaphragm
answer
Bronchiole diameter
question
The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort is called a. Vital capacity b. Inspiratory reserve volume c. Expiratory reserve volume d. Residual volume e. Inspiratory capacity
answer
Inspiratory reserve volume
question
16. Vital capacity consists of a. Inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory volume b. Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume c. Expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume d. Expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume e. Respiratory volume + tidal volume
answer
Expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
question
Deep, rapid breathing often seen in terminal diabetes mellitus is known as what? a. Tachypnea b. Dyspnea c. Orthopnea d. Hyperpnea e. Kussmaul respiration
answer
Kussmaul respiration
question
A gangrenous diabetic ulcer can be treated with which of the following? a. Hyperventilation b. Hyperbaric oxygen c. Hypercaloric intake d. Hypoxic drive e. Hyperoxidation
answer
Hyperbaric oxygen
question
Carbon dioxide is transported by all the following means except a. Carbinohemoglobin b. Carbonic acid c. Carbonate d. Bicarbonate ions e. Dissolved gas
answer
Carbonate
question
Tom is in respiratory arrest due to an electrical shock. Why does a Good Samaritan have up to 4 or 5 minutes to begin CPR and save Tom's life? a. Reserve oxygen in Tom's lungs b. A venous reserve of oxygen in Tom's blood c. The ambient Po2 can support life that long d. The Haldane effect lasts up to 5 minutes e. Tom's hypoxic drive will keep him alive for up to 5 minutes
answer
A venous reserve of oxygen in Tom's blood
question
During exercise, which of the following directly increases respiratory rate? a. Increased H+ level in the blood b. The Bohr effect c. Reduced blood pH d. Reduced oxyhemoglobin e. Anticipation of the needs of exercising muscle
answer
Anticipation of the needs of exercising muscle
question
Which of the following would slow down gas exchange between the blood and alveolar air? a. An increase in membrane thickness b. An increase in alveolar surface area c. An increase in respiratory rate d. A decrease in membrane thickness e. A decrease in nitrogen solubility
answer
An increase in membrane thickness
question
The addition of CO2 to the blood generates _______ ions in the RBCs, which in turn stimulates RBCs to unload more oxygen a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Nitrogen d. Hydrogen e. Chloride
answer
Hydrogen
question
Which of the following has no effect on oxyhemoglobin dissociation? a. Epinephrine b. Fever c. Thyroid hormone d. Low pH e. Erythrocyte count
answer
Erythrocyte count
question
Which has the highest concentration in the air we breathe? a. Oxygen b. Water vapour c. Nitrogen d. Carbon dioxide e. Hydrogen
answer
Nitrogen
question
Each hemoglobin molecule can transport up to ______ oxygen molecules a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5
answer
4
question
Normally the systemic arterial blood has a PO2 of _______ mm Hg, a Pco2 of _______ mm Hg, and a pH of ______. a. 40; 95; 7.4 b. 95; 40; 7.4 c. 7.4; 40; 95 d. 95; 7.4; 40 e. 40; 7.4; 95
answer
95; 40; 7.4
question
Which of the following enzymes in an RBC breaks H2CO3 down to water and carbon dioxide? a. Hemoglobin b. Carboxyhemoglobin c. Carbonic anhydrase d. Bisphosphoglycerate e. Carbaminoreductase
answer
Carbonic anhydrase
question
In one passage through a bed of systemic blood capillaries, the blood gives up about what percentage of its oxygen? a. 5% to 10% b. 10% to 15% c. 20% to 25% d. 30% to 40% e. 70% to 85%
answer
20% to 25%
question
Which of the following is the term for a deficiency of oxygen or the inability to utilize oxygen in a tissue? a. Apoxia b. Hypoxia c. Anoxia d. Cyanosis e. Eupnea
answer
Hypoxia
question
Congestive heart failure results in which of the following? a. Hypoxemic hypoxia b. Ischemic hypoxia c. Anemic hypoxia d. Histotoxic hypoxia e. Idiopathic hypoxia
answer
Ischemic hypoxia
question
Is a lung disease marked by a reduced number of cilia, reduced motility of the remaining cilia, goblet cell hypertrophy and hypersecretion, and thick sputum a. Asthma b. Oat cell carcinoma c. Atelectasis d. Chronic bronchitis e. Emphysema
answer
Chronic bronchitis
question
Which of the following would lead to anemic hypoxia? a. Sickle cell disease b. Emphysema c. Squamous-cell carcinoma d. Asthma e. Atelectasis
answer
Sickle cell disease
question
A lung disease marked by abnormally few but large alveoli is a. Cor pulmonale b. Pulmonary hemosiderosis c. Emphysema d. Atelectasis e. Collapsed lung
answer
Emphysema
question
In ________, the lungs are infected with Mycobacterium and produce fibrous nodules around the bacteria, leading to progressive pulmonary fibrosis a. Pneumonia b. Dyspnea c. Pneumothorax d. Tuberculosis e. rhinitis
answer
Tuberculosis
question
Which malignancy originates in the lamina propria of the bronchi? a. Squamous cell carcinoma b. Oat cell carcinoma c. Adenocarcinoma d. Pulmonary edema e. Cor pulmonale
answer
Adenocarcinoma
question
Polio can sometimes damage the brainstem respiratory centers and result in a. A Bohr effect b. Adult respiratory distress syndrome c. Pneumothorax d. Atelectasis e. Ondine's curse
answer
Ondine's curse
question
Which of these is most likely to result from contact between contaminated fingers and the nasal mucosa? a. Apnea b. Adult respiratory distress syndrome c. Acute bronchitis d. Acute rhinitis e. Asthma
answer
Acute rhinitis
question
Scuba divers breathe a nitrogen oxygen mixture rather than pure compressed oxygen in order to avoid a. The bends b. Oxygen toxicity c. Rapture of the deep d. Caisson disease e. Hypoxemic hypoxia
answer
Oxygen toxicity
question
Nitrogen bubbles can form in the blood and other tissues when a scuba diver ascends too rapidly, producing a syndrome called a. Decompression sickness a.k.a. Caissons Disease b. Hyperbaric disease c. Cerebral embolism d. Pulmonary barotraumas e. Pulmonary edema
answer
Cerebral embolism
question
The vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves carry afferent signals from peripheral chemoreceptors to a chemosensitive area in a. The pontine respiratory group b. The dorsal respiratory group c. The ventral respiratory group d. The medulla oblongata e. The pons
answer
The medulla oblongata
question
Mucus plays an important role in cleansing inhaled air. It is produced by ______ of the respiratory tract a. Squamus alveolar cells b. Great alveolar cells c. The pleurae d. Ciliated cells e. Goblet cells
answer
Goblet cells
question
The blood transports more CO2 in the form of ______ than in any other form a. Carbaminohemoglobin b. Carboxyhemoglobin c. Bicarbonate ions d. Dissolved CO2 gas e. Bisphosphocarbonate
answer
Bicarbonate ions
question
Amoung its other purposes, the Valsalva Maneuver is used a. To aid in defecation and urination b. As part of the procedure for giving CPR to a person in respiratory arrest c. To ventilate the lungs during eupnea d. To expel more than the usual tidal volume from the lungs e. To clear carbon monoxide from the body and replace it with oxygen
answer
To aid in defecation and urination
question
Blood banks dispose of blood that has low levels of bisphosphogylcerate. What would be the probable reason for doing so? a. A low BPG level causes acidosis of blood b. Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload CO2 very well c. Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload O2 very well d. Erythrocyte low in BPG do not load O2 very well e. A decline in BPG level is accompanied by a decline in hemoglobin level
answer
Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload O2 very well
question
Your breathing rate is 2 breaths/minute; your tidal volume is 500 ml; your vital capacity is 4700 mL; and your dead air space is 150 mL. Your alveolar ventilation rate is _______ mL/min a. 2400 b. 3600 c. 4200 d. 5600 e. 6400
answer
4200
question
Your breathing rate is 14 breaths/minute; spirometric measurements reveal your tidal volume is 500 mL; your inspiratory reserve volume is 3000 mL; and your expiratory reserve volume is 1200 mL. your vital capacity is ______ mL a. 2400 b. 3000 c. 3800 d. 4700 e. 5800
answer
4700
question
The maximum amount of air the lungs can contain is known as inspiratory capacity a. True b. False
answer
False
question
Respiratory arrest is an irreversible condition a. True b. False
answer
b. False
question
The pleurae and pleural fluid help prevent the spread of pulmonary infection to the pericardium a. True b. False
answer
True
question
Breathing is controlled solely by the medulla oblongata and pons a. True b. False
answer
False
question
The rate of oxygen diffusion is affected by the pressure gradient of carbon dioxide a. True b. False
answer
False
question
Gas transport is the process of carrying gases from the alveoli to the systemic tissues and vice versa a. True b. False
answer
True
question
Carbon monoxide competes with oxygen for the same binding site a. True b. False
answer
True
question
According to the Bohr effect, a low level of oxyhemoglobin enables the blood to transport more CO2 a. True b. False
answer
False
question
Erythrocytes do not carry out aerobic respiration; thus, they do not consume any of the oxygen they are transporting a. True b. False
answer
True
question
Hemoglobin releases the same amount of oxygen to all the tissues regardless of variations in their metabolic rate a. True b. False
answer
False
question
Which two ligaments extend from the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages? a. vestibular and vocal b. laryngeal and corniculate c. corniculate and cricoid d. cricoid and arytenoid e. thyrohyoid and cricoids
answer
a. vestibular and vocal
question
Which bronchus is about 5cm long and slightly narrower and more horizontal than the one on the opposite side? a. left segmental bronchus b. right segmental bronchus c. right lobar bronchus d. left main bronchus e. right main bronchus
answer
d. left main bronchus
question
The heart indents into the ____ of the left lung. a. oblique fissure b. hilum c. apex d. cardiac impression e. base
answer
d. cardiac impression
question
The respiratory system contains a total of five ____. a. segmental bronchi b. choanae c. laryngeal cartilages d. lobes e. tracheal cartilages
answer
d. lobes
question
Output from higher brain centers can bypass both the DRG (dorsal respiratory group) and VRG (ventral respiratory group) and go directly to ___, which controls the accessory muscles of respiration. a. the diaphragm b. spinal integration centers c. the cerebral cortex d. the vagus nerve
answer
b. spinal integration centers
question
Which of the following issues output to the VRG (ventral respiratory group) to adjust the respiratory rhythm? a. DRG B. PRG C. NRG D. SRG
answer
a. DRG
question
Which center bears the primary responsibility for generating the respiratory rhythm, but is influenced by several other centers? a. PRG B. DRG c. VRG d. SRG
answer
c. VRG
question
The pH of the cerebrospinal fluid is monitored by which of these brainstem centers? a. PRG b. hypothalamic osmoreceptors c. medullary baroreceptors d. central chemoreceptors
answer
d. central chemoreceptors
question
Emotional states are integrated by the ___, which generates an output that creates such respiratory variations as laughing and crying. a. VRG b. PRG c. DRG d. SRG
answer
b. PRG
question
If one inspires through their nose, which of the following answers has the correct order of structures the air would move through? a. nares - vestibule -nasal cavity - nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx - larynx - trachea - primary bronchus - secondary bronchus - tertiary bronchus - bronchiole - respiratory bronchiole - terminal bronchiole - alveolar duct - alveolar sac - alveolus b. nares - nasal cavity - vestibule - nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx - larynx - trachea - primary bronchus - secondary bronchus - tertiary bronchus - bronchiole - respiratory bronchiole - terminal bronchiole - alveolar duct - alveolar sac - alveolus c. nares - vestibule - nasal cavity - nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchiole - respiratory bronchiole - terminal bronchiole - primary bronchus - secondary bronchus - tertiary bronchus - alveolar duct - alveolar sac - alveolus d. nares - nasal cavity - vestibule - nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx - larynx - trachea - primary bronchus - secondary bronchus - tertiary bronchus - bronchiole - terminal bronchiole - respiratory bronchiole - alveolar duct - alveolar sac - alveolus
answer
b. nares - nasal cavity - vestibule - nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx - larynx - trachea - primary bronchus - secondary bronchus - tertiary bronchus - bronchiole - respiratory bronchiole - terminal bronchiole - alveolar duct - alveolar sac - alveolus
question
Upon inspiration, what is the name of the air in the conducting division that is not available for gas exchange? a. alveolar dead space b. tracheal dead space c. anatomical dead space d. conducting dead space
answer
c. anatomical dead space
question
The anatomical dead space is greatest in which of the following situations? a. after eating a large meal b. after swerving to narrowly avoid an accident while driving c. after waking up from a long nap d. after watching TV for an hour
answer
b. after swerving to narrowly avoid an accident while driving
question
Air consists of about 78.63% nitrogen, 20.9% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and 0.5% water. At sea level, (760 mm Hg) what is the PCO2? a. 597 mm Hg b. 159 mm HG c. 0.3 mm Hg d. 3.7 mm Hg
answer
c. 0.3 mm Hg
question
Which law states the total atmospheric pressure is a sum of the contributions of the individual gases? a. Henry's law b. Charles's law c. Boyle's law d. Dalton's law
answer
d. Dalton's law
question
How is alveolar air different than inspired air? a. alveolar air has a higher PN2 than inspired air b. alveolar air has a lower PCO2 than inspired air c. alveolar air has a higher PO2 than inspired air d. alveolar air has a higher PH2O than inhaled air
answer
d. alveolar air has a higher PH20 than inhaled air
question
Metabolically active tissues have which of the following sets of conditions that shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right? a. ↑PO2, ↓PCO2, ↑ temperature, ↑BPG (bisphosphoglycerate) b. ↓PO2, ↑PCO2, ↑ temperature, ↑BPG (bisphosphoglycerate) c. ↓PO2, ↑PCO2, ↓ temperature, ↑BPG (bisphosphoglycerate) d. ↑PO2, ↓PCO2, ↑ temperature, ↓BPG (bisphosphoglycerate)
answer
b. ↓PO2, ↑PCO2, ↑ temperature, ↑BPG (bisphosphoglycerate)
question
Conditions around metabolically active tissues do what to the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? a. shift it right b. shift it left c. decrease the slope d. increase the slope
answer
a. shift it right
question
Hypocapnia will lead to which of the following conditions? a. hypoventilation due to acidosis b. hypoventilation due to alkalosis c. hypoventilation due to acidosis d. hypoventilation due to alkalosis
answer
b. hypoventilation due to alkalosis
question
What is the least common but most dangerous form of lung cancer? a. mesothelioma b. adenocarcinoma c. squamous cell carcinoma d. small-cell carcinoma
answer
d. small-cell carcinoma
