Chapter 21: – Flashcards

The extension of a nation's power over other lands, was not new. Began in 1880, European states scrambled for overseas territories. Europeans had set colonies in North and South America. Trading post around Africa and Indian Ocean. Old imperialism started in the 16th century. Later on it was called new imperialism.

A political unit that depends on another government for its protection. 1884 France seized the city Hanoi and later made the Vietnamese Empire a French protectorate. France extended the control over Cambodia, Annam, Tonkin and Laus. In 1887, France included all of its new possessions in a new Union of French Indochina

When colonial powers realized their goals most easily through cooperation with the local political elites in this case indirect rule was used. Rulers maintained their position of authority in a new colonial setting. Dutch East Indie's used this rule. Lowered cost of government because fewer officials had to be trained. It was less effective on local culture.

When local elites were removed from power and replaced with new people brought from a near country this system was called indirect rule. Burma-Great Britain. Used this government when state opposed rulers.

He was able to prevent the British and French rivalry that threatened to place Thailand under their colonial rule. Sometimes known as The King and I. He promoted Western learning and maintained friendly relations with the major European powers. Ruler of Thailand during the 19th century.

Son of King Mongkut who like his dad was able to prevent the British and French rivalry that threatened to place Thailand under their colonial rule. He promoted Western learning and maintained friendly relations with the major European powers. 1896 Britain and France agreed to maintain Thailand.

In 1898 the U.S forces were under his rule, and he defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. His moral obligation was to "civilize" the other parts of the world so he thought.

Was the leader of a movement for independence in the Philippines. He revolted against the Spanish. When the U.S got the Philippines he sill continued his revolt and put himself up as the president of the Republic of the Philippines. He led the guerrilla forces against the U.S to establish there independence.

incorporate territory into an existing political unit, such as a city or country. in 1874 Great Britain annexed the west coastal states as the first British colony of Gold Coast.

native to a region.

1805, he was an officer of the Ottoman army and seized power and established a separate Egyptian state. Next 30 years he introduced a series of reforms to bring Egypt into the modern world. He modernized the army, set up a public school system and helped create small industries in refined sugar, textile and ships. North Africa.

Was an explorer. In 1841 he arrived in Africa. For 30 years he trekked through unchartered regions. He disappeared for awhile. Central Africa. Found by Henry Stanley after being lost. Spread Christianity. Missionaries. Merchants. Working for Great Britain.

Was hired as a young journalist by the New York Herald to find David Livingstone. He did find him on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika. "Doctor Livingston I presume" famous quote said by Henry to Livingstone. After Livingstone died Henry carried on the explorers work. 1870 explored Conga River in Central Africa. Encouraged British to send settlers there but they refused.

Early 19th century the Zulu, under a talented ruler named Shaka had carved out their own empire. After Shaka's death, Zulu remained powerful. In 1800s the British became involved in conflicts with the Zulu and the Zulu were defeated. The Zulu's were the indigenous people of South Africa.

were Indian soldiers that would protect the company's interests in the region. They rule India, the British east India company had its own soldiers and forts. In 1857 a growing Indian distrust of the British led to a revolt. Was known as the Great Rebellions of the Sepoy Mutiny. First war of independence.

a British official who assisted by a British civil service staff. A governor who ruled as a representative of a monarch around the 1840's. 3,500 officials ruled almost 300 million people.

In 1876 the title of Empress was awarded to her. People of India were now her colonial subjects, and India became her "Jewel in the Crown."

In 1885 a small group of Indians formed a Indian National Congress(INC). INC did not demand immediate independence but did call for a share in the governing process. The group had difficulties because of religious differences. Their goal was to have independence for all Indians.

Born in 1869, in western India. Was a Hindu. He became a lawyer and in 1893 went to South America to work in a law firm serving Indian workers. He became aware of racial exploitation of Indians. Gandhi became active in the independence movement, set a movement up based on nonviolent resistance. The purpose was to improve the lot for the poor and grant independence to India.

means what the white man has to teach those who were barbarian and send them into slavery, he has to do what must be done.

descendants of Europeans born in Latin America who lived there permanently. They found the principles of the equality of all people in the eyes of the law, free trade, and a free press.

deeply resented by the Creole's. Were Spanish and Portuguese officials who resided temporarily in Latin America for political and economic gain and then returned to their mother countries. They dominated Latin America and drained the Americas of their wealth. Top of social structure.

people of Indian and European descent. They were roused to free themselves from Spanish. September 16, 1810 a crowd of Indians and Mestizos, armed with clubs, machetes and a few guns, formed an mob army to attack the Spaniards. Army is crushed. September 16, Mexican Independence Day.

James Monroe came up with it. In the document he guaranteed the independence of the new Latin America and warned against any European intervention in the Americas. Guaranteed by U.S president. In Doctrine.

strong leaders after the independence. Ruled chiefly by military. Were supported by true land elites most of the new nations of Latin America began with republican government, but they had no experience in ruling themselves. Soon after independence, the caudillos came into power, many kept the national states together, some were also modernizers who built roads and canals ports, and schools others were destructive. Ex. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, Juan Maual de Rosas and Benito Juarez.

of Argentina, was a member of the creole elite were hailed as the "Liberators of South America." Led revolutions. He believed that the Spaniards must be removed from all of South America if any South American nation was to be free. Liberated Argentina from Spanish authority. 1817, he eld his forces over the Andes to attack the Spanish in Chile.

of Venezuela, was a member of the creole elite were hailed as the "Liberators of South America." Led revolutions. Began the struggle for independence in Venezuela in 1810 and then went on to lead revolts in New Granada.

Ruled from 1833 to 1855. He misused state funds, halted reforms, and created chaos.

1885 to 1876 was an era dominated by him, a national Mexican national hero. Was a son of Native American peasants. President Juarez brought liberal reforms to Mexico, including separation of church and state, land distribution to the poor, and an educational system for all Mexico.

that they ran the governments, controlled courts, and kept a system of inexpensive labor. Made profits by growing single, specialized crops, such as coffee.

Rivalry between nations, raw materials, White Man's Burden, and Social Darwinism. (Include details about the White Man's Burden= racism, Christianity, and slavery. Social Darwinism=survival of the fittest, being put into social problems between nations)

Belgium, Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Holland.