question

Blindness could result from damage to which cortex and lobe of the brain?

answer

visual cortex in the occipital lobe

question

Paralysis of the left arm might be explained by a problem in the

answer

motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the right hemisphere

question

Deafness can result from damage to the inner ear or damage to what area of the brain?

answer

connections between the auditory nerve and the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe

question

According to the theory of evolution, why might we call some parts of the brain the old brain and some parts the new brain?

answer

The old brain developed first according to evolution

question

which chemicals pass across the synaptic gap and increase the possibility the next neuron in the chain will fire?

answer

Excitatory neurotransmitters

question

You eat some bad sushi and feel that you are slowly losing control over your muscles. The bacteria you ingested from the bad sushi most likely interferes with the use of

answer

acetylcholine

question

The three major categories researches use to organize the entire brain are the

answer

hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain

question

A spinal reflex differs from a normal sensory and motor reaction in that

answer

in a spinal reflex, the spine moves the muscles in response as soon as the sensory information reaches the spin while the impulse must reach the brain before a response.

question

Antidepressant drugs like Prozac are often used to treat mood disorders. According to what you know about their functions, which neurotransmitter do these types of drugs try to affect?

answer

serotonin

question

which sentence most likely describes neural transmission?

answer

An electric charge is created in the neuron, the charge travels down the cell, and the chemicals are released that cross the synapse to the next cell.

question

Dr. Dahab, a brain researcher, is investigating the connection between certain environmental stimuli and brain processes. which types of brain scans is he most likely to use?

answer

PET and EEG

question

Split-Brain patients are unable to

answer

speak about information received exclusively in their right hemisphere.

question

when brain researchers refer to brain plasticity, they are talking about

answer

new connections forming in the brain to take over the damaged sections

question

Mr. Spam is a 39-year old male who has been brought into your neurology clinic by his wife. she has become increasingly alarmed by her husband's behavior over the last four months. you recommend a CAT scan to look for tumors in the brain. Which two parts of the brain would you predict are being affected by the tumors? symptoms include: vastly increased appetite, body temperature fluctuations, decreased sexual desire, jerky movements, poor balance when walking and standing, inability to throw objects, and exaggerated efforts to coordinate movemtns in a task

answer

hypothalamus and cerebellum

question

In most people, which one of the following is a specific function of the left hemisphere that is typically not controlled by the right hemisphere?

answer

producing speech

question

parts of the neuron

answer

Our body's neural system is built from billions of nerve cells, or neurons -the extensions of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons are the dendrites -the extension of a neuron that transmits info to other neurons is the axon -some of the extensions are insulated by a layer of fatty cells called the myelin sheath, which helps speed the neuron's impulses

question

hypothalamus function

answer

contains reward centers

question

lesion function

answer

tissue destruction

question

EEG function

answer

amplified recording of the brain waves

question

fMRI function

answer

technique that uses radio waves and magnetic fields to show brain function

question

reticular formation function

answer

helps control arousal

question

MRI function

answer

technique that uses radio waves and magnetic fields to image brain anatomy

question

thalamus function

answer

serves as sensory switchboard

question

corpus callosum function

answer

links the celebral hemispheres

question

cerebellum function

answer

enables coordinated movement

question

amygdala function

answer

influences rage and fear

question

medulla function

answer

regulates breathing and heartbeat

question

right hemisphere function

answer

specializes in spatial relations

question

brainstem function

answer

oldest part of the brain

question

glial cells function

answer

brain cells that provide nutrients and insulating myelin

question

aphasia function

answer

language disorder

question

plasticity function

answer

brain's capacity for modification

question

broca's area function

answer

controls speech production

question

wernicke's area function

answer

the brain's capacity for modification

question

limbic system function

answer

regulates emotion

question

association areas function

answer

brain areas involved in higher mental functions

question

left hemisphere function

answer

specializes in rationalizing reactions

question

angular gyrus function

answer

translates writing into speech

question

Brainstem

answer

includes pons and medulla, is the brain's basement and the oldest, innermost region

question

medulla

answer

where the spinal cord enters the skull and swells slightly.

question

pons

answer

sits above the medulla and helps coordinate movements

question

reticular formation

answer

inside the brainstem, between your ears, finger-shaped network of neurons that extends from the spinal cord right up to the thalamus. controls arousal

question

thalamus

answer

atop the brainstem, brain's sensory switchboard, a joined pair of egg-shaped structures

question

cerebellum

answer

"the little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance

question

the limbic system

answer

brain's older parts and its cerebral hemisheres. includes: hypothalamus, pituitary gland, amygdala, and hippocampus

question

hippocampus

answer

processes memory

question

amygdala

answer

influences aggression and fear, tip of hippocampus

question

pituitary gland

answer

regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

question

hypothalamus

answer

just below the thalamus, monitors blood chemistry and takes orders from other parts of the brain. including sex in the celebral cortex. also controls the master gland

question

celebral cortex

answer

intricate covering of the interconnected neural cells that, like bark on tree, forms a thin surface layer on your cerebral hemispheres. ultimate control and information processing center

question

frontal lobes

answer

staring at the front of your brain going around over the top. involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements

question

parietal lobes

answer

behind your forehead. receives sensory input for touch and body position.

question

occipital lobes

answer

at the back of your head. includes visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field.

question

temporal lobes

answer

sides of your head. includes auditory areas which receive visual information primarily from the opposite ear.

question

motor cortex

answer

an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements

question

Broca's area

answer

controls speech muscles via the motor cortex

question

wernicke's area

answer

interprets auditory code

question

angular gyrus

answer

transforms visual representations into an auditory code

question

visual cortex

answer

recieves written words as visual stimulation

question

a biological psychologist would be more likely to study

answer

the chemical changes that accompany emotions

question

the part of the human brain that is most like that of a fish is the

answer

brain stem

question

you are able to pull your and quickly away from hot water before pain is felt because

answer

movement of the hand is a reflex that involves intervention of the spinal cord only

question

in order to pinpoint the location of a tumor, a neurosurgeon electrically stimulated parts of the patient's sensory cortex. If the patient was conscious during the procedure, which of the following was probably the experienced?

answer

sense of having the skin touched

question

if Dr. Rogers wishes to conduct an experiment on the effects of stimulating the reward centers of a rat's brain, he should insert an electrode into the

answer

hypothalamus

question

A split-brain patient has a picture of a knife flashed to her left hemisphere and that of a fork to her right hemisphere. she will be able to:

answer

identify the fork using her left hand

question

Several shy neurons send an inhibitory message to neighboring neuron Joni. At the same time, a larger group of party-going neurons send Joni excitatory messages. What will Joni do?

answer

Fire, assuming that her threshold has been reached

question

Following Jayshree's near fatal car accident, her physician noticed that the pupillary reflex of her eyes were abnormal. This may indicate that jayshree's what I was damaged in the accidentV?

answer

Autonomic nervous system

question

The axons of certain neurons are covered by a layer of fatty tissue that helps speed neural transmission. This tissue is:

answer

The myelin sheath

question

Heartbeat, digestion. And other self regulating bodily functions are governed by the

answer

Autonomic nervous system

question

A strong stimulus can increase the

answer

Number of times the neuron fires

question

The pain of heroin withdrawal may be attributable to the fact that

answer

Under the influence of heroin the brain ceased production of endorphins

question

The brain research technique that involves monitoring the brain's usage of glucose is called

answer

PET scan

question

In a resting state, the axon is

answer

Polarized, with mostly positively charged ions outside and negatively charged ions inside

question

Though there is no single "control center" for emotions, their regulation is primarily attributed to the brain region known as the

answer

Limbic system

question

Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a simple reflex?

answer

Sensory neuron>interneuron>motor neuron

question

Damage to ___ will usually cause a person to lose the ability to comprehend the language

answer

Wernicke's area

question

Which of the following is typically controlled by the right hemisphere?

answer

Perceptual tasks

question

Dr. Hernandez is studying neurotransmitter abnormalities in depressed patients. She would most likely describe herself as a

answer

Biological psychologist

question

The increasing complexity of animals behavior is accompanied by an

answer

Increase in the amount of association area

question

Voluntary movements, such as writing with w a pencil are directed by the

answer

Somatic nervous system

question

A neuron will generate action potentials more often when it

answer

Receives more excitatory than inhibitory inputs

question

Which is the correct sequence kin the transmission of a neural impulse ?

answer

Dendrite> cell body > axon > synapse

question

Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands are called

answer

Hormones

question

Following a head injury, a person has an ongoing difficulty to stay awake. Damage most likely occurred to the

answer

Reticular formation

question

Based on research, which of the following seems true about the specialized functions of the right and left hemispheres

answer

Most complex activities emerge from the integrated activity of both hemispheres

question

Cortical areas that are not primarily concerned with sensory motor or language functions are

answer

Called association areas

question

In the brain learning occurs as experience strengthens certain connections in cell work groups called

answer

Neural networks

question

Which of the following is typically controlled by the left hemisphere?

answer

Word recognition

question

Which is governed by the simplest neural pathways

answer

Reflexes

question

Parkinson's disease involves

answer

The death of nerve cells that produce vital neurotransmitter

question

The myelin sheath that is in some neurons

answer

Increases the speed of neural transmission

question

During an action potential, the electrical state of the axon becomes

answer

Depolarized

question

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is most likely to be found

answer

At the junction between motor neurons and muscle fibers

question

The gland that regulates body growth is the

answer

Pituitary

question

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are

answer

Hormones released by the adrenal gland

question

Jessica experienced difficulty keeping her balance after receiving a blow to the back of her hEad. It is likely that she injured her

answer

Cerebellum

question

Moruzzi and magoun caused a cat to lapse into a coma by severing neural connections between the cortex and the

answer

Reticular formation

question

Research has found that the amount of representation in the motor cortex reflects the

answer

Degree of precise control required by each of the parts

question

The effect of a drug that is an agonist is to

answer

Mimic a particular neurotransmitter

question

The nerve fibers that enable communication between the right and left celebral hemispheres and that have been severed in split brain patients form a structure called the

answer

Corpus callosum

question

The right hemisphere takes over what function when suffering

answer

Language function

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