Chapter 2: Structure and Function of cells of the Nervous System – Flashcards

The primary symptom shown by Kathryn D was

________ neurons gather information from the environment related to light, odors, and contact with objects.

_______ neurons function to contract muscles.

________ are located only within the central nervous system.

Which of the following is correct regarding neurons?

The ________ is defined as comprised of the brain and spinal cord.

The ________ is that portion of the nervous system that lies outside of the brain and spinal cord.

The common structures or regions that form a motor neuron include the

The nucleus of the nerve cell is located within the

The most common neuron type in the central nervous system is the ________ neuron.

The portion of a neuron that carries information toward the cell body is the

The physical gap that carries a neural message between two nerve cells is the

Synapses are most commonly formed between a (n) ________ and a(n) ________.

The membrane of a nerve cell is comprised of

The ________ neuron is the most common nerve cell type in the central nervous system.

A key function of the ________ nerve cell is to transmit sensory information.

Loss of dendritic branches on ________ would be expected to impair the ability to sense temperature and touch.

Neurotransmitter molecules are most commonly secreted from the

A key function of specialized lipid molecules located in the nerve cell is to

Match up the internal cell structure with the function most closely associated with that structure.

Which of the following structures are NOT found within the nucleus?

Enzymes

Which of the following represents a correct match between a neuronal organelle and its function?

Match the correct function with the neuronal organelle.

Proteins are produced within the cytoplasm by

Which of the following is true of the human genome?

Surplus substances within the cytoplasm are degraded by

A key function of lysosomes is to

Which of the following is correct regarding axoplasmic transport?

Which of the following is correct regarding axoplasmic transport?

Movement of cargo from one end of the axon to the other involves ________ along the ________.

Neurons of the central nervous system are provided nutrients, oxygen, and physical support by ________ cells.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the glial cells?

Which of the following is true of neurons?

A key function of an astrocyte is to

Nerve cells are able to rapidly metabolize fuel because

The ________ are the key supply source of energy for neurons.

A drug that specifically killed the ________ cells would be expected to alter the physical and nutritional support of brain cells.

The process of phagocytosis involves

The scar tissue generated in the brain by ________ cells acts to impedes the regrowth of nerve cells.

Removal of nerve cell debris in the brain is accomplished by ________.

Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by ________.

A key feature for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in Dr. C was

Which of the following is true of Schwann cells?

The ________ mediates the inflammatory reaction that follows brain damage.

Regrowth of a damaged axon can occur more readily in the peripheral nervous system than in the brain because

The presence of a barrier between the blood stream and the brain is suggested by the observation that

Which of the following is true of the blood-brain barrier?

Activation of cells within the ________ by a poison in the blood would be predicted to produce ________.

Action potentials are generated at the ________ and are conducted along the ______.

The normal order of activation during neuronal transmission is

The simplest version of a withdrawal from pain reflex is

A key function of the giant squid axon is the

Which of the following is used to record the electrical potentials generated in an axon?

The interior of a neuron at rest

The difference in electrical charge between the inside and the outside of the axon membrane is defined as the _______ potential.

The ________ potential is defined as the difference in electrical charge between the inside and the outside of an undisturbed axon membrane.

A change in the axon membrane potential from -70 mV to -90 mV would be termed a(n)

A neuron membrane potential moves from -90 mV to -80 mV in response to a brief stimulation. We would term this change in potential as a(n)

A(n) ________ will be recorded from a nerve cell whose membrane potential rises above threshold.

A cup of sugar is dumped into a gallon of hot water. After 30 minutes, we will expect that the process of ________ will ensure that the sugar molecules are evenly distributed throughout the water.

A substance that forms oppositely charged particles when dissolved into water would be termed a(n)

________ are charged particles formed when an electrolyte dissolves in water.

________ are positively charged ionic particles.

________ are negatively charged particles.

The process by which similarly charged particles repel each other and are thus moved within a medium is termed

Which of the following is true of ion distribution across the axon membrane?

Movement of ________ ions ________ the axon would be induced by the force of diffusion.

Sodium ions move out of the axon because of

As a consequence of the activity of the sodium-potassium transporters

Which of the following are true regarding the action potential (AP)?

The specialized protein molecules located in the axon membrane that can open or close are termed

Which of the following is true of the action potential?

The ________ is the voltage level at which an action potential is triggered in a patch of axon membrane.

Sodium ions will be pushed into a resting neuron by the forces of

Match the ion channel action with its resulting change in membrane potential.

Which of the following events restores the membrane potential from the peak of the action potential back down to the resting level?

Which of the following is consistent with the "all-or-none law"?

Which of the following sets of terms do NOT belong together?

The nervous system codes for variation in the intensity of incoming sensory stimuli by variations in the ________ of a neuron.

Depolarizations of the axon membrane that are below the threshold of activation

Among the cable properties of axons are the fact that

In a myelinated axon, ions can enter and leave the axonal membrane only at

Which of the following is an important advantage associated with saltatory conduction?

Which of the following was suggested as an advantage associated with myelination?

Saltatory conduction is rapid because

Signals are carried across the synapse

Which of the following is true of receptors?

Communication of neural signals across the synapse involves

Which of the following structures might contain a postsynaptic density?

The term ________ is derived from the word meaning "little bladder."

The largest number of small vesicles would be expected within the ________ of a neuron.

A large dense-core vesicle found in the axon terminal is likely to contain

Synaptic vesicles are produced in the _______.

Neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic membrane is triggered by the

Placing neurons and their synaptic contacts into a medium containing no calcium ions would be expected to

In order to produce a depolarization or hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane, neurotransmitters

After a vesicle fuses with the presynaptic membrane and releases its contents into the synaptic cleft, the membrane is

Match up the correct receptor type and effect.

With regard to release of neurotransmitter in brain, "kiss and run" refers to the situation in which the vesicle

Match up the correct receptor type and effect.

Which of the following is true of metabotropic receptors?

An EPSP will be produced when a ligand

Which of the following will "neutralize" an EPSP?

An IPSP will be produced when a ligand

The postsynaptic potentials induced by most neurotransmitters are ended by

The postsynaptic potentials induced by acetylcholine are ended via

A drug that inactivates the enzyme of acetylcholinesterase would be expected to

Dr. Mary Walker used ________ to treat the muscle weakness associated with the disease ________.

Autoreceptors are located on the ________ and detect ________ .

Autoreceptors

Presynaptic facilitation is associated with ________ synapses and involves a(n) ________ in the amount of transmitter released per action potential.

Neuromodulators

Neuromodulators

Most ________ are secreted into the extracellular fluid from endocrine glands or tissues.

The disease known as ALS involves loss of

Recent research suggests that the inherited version of ALS may result from neuron damage due to defective

_______ neurons carry information toward the brain, while ______ carry information toward the muscles.