Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology(Study Guide) – Flashcards
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biology
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the study of life
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two
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two
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three
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three
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ecology
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the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment
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biotic factors
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living parts of an ecosystem
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nonliving
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not endowed with life
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enviorments
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the specific conditions under wich animals and plants can live
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atmosphere
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a distinctive but intangible quality surrounding a person or thing
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humans
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all of the inhabitants of the earth
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organisms
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Any living thing
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soil
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the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state
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biosphere
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the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist
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abiotic factors
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nonliving parts of an ecosystem
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community
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(ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other
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competition
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the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources
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forest
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the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area
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population
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a group of organisms of the same species populating a given area
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ecosystem
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a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment
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sunlight
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Energy that is lost at each trophic level of an ecosystem is replensished by
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nutrients
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besides energy, what moves through the organisms at each trophic level of an ecosystem?
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water cycle
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evaporation and condensation a part of the
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evaporation
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Plants lose water to the air through
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Breathe and urinate
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Animals lose water when they
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false
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a habitat is the role a species in a community T OR F
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true
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habitat may change T OR F
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false
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a niche is the place where an organism lives its life T OR F
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false
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a habitat can inclede only one niche T OR F
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true
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a species' niche includes how the species meets its need for food and shelter T OR F
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true
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the centipedes and worms that live under a certain log occupy the same habitat but have different niches. T OR F
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false
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it is an advantage for two species to share the same niche T OR F
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true
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competition betwen two species is reduced when the species have different niches. T OR F
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organaisms
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living organisms in our world ae connected to other___________in a variety of ways.
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ecology
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the branch of biology called________is the scientific study of interactions among oganisms and their,
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environments
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: is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and their______, etc,.
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nonliving
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including realtionships between living and________things.
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biosphere
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all living things on earth can be found in the_________,the potion of earth that supports life.
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atmosphere
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it extends from high in the_________to the bottom of the oceans.
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biotic factors
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all living organisms found in an environment are called________.
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abiotic factors
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nonliving parts of an environment are called__________.
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humans
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for example, whales, trees, and________are biotic factors.
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soil
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ocean currents, temperature, and_______are abiotic factors.
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population
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a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time.
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community
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a collection of interacting populations.
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ecosystem
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interactions among the populations and abiotic factors in a community.
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competition
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occurs between organisms when resources are scarce.
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forest
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a terrestial ecosystem.
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sunlight
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Energy that is lost at each trophic level of an ecosystem is replensished by
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nutrients
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besides energy, what moves through the organisms at each trophic level of an ecosystem?
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water cycle
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evaporation and condensation a part of the
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evaporation
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Plants lose water to the air through
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Breathe and urinate
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Animals lose water when they Breathe and urinate
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precipitation
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the water in the atmosphere is returned to the earth
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growth
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autotrophs and heterotrophs use carbon molecules for energy and growth
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Carbon dioxide
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plants use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis to make carbon molecules
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feeding on other organisms
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when decomposers break down the carbon molecules by
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carbon dioxide is released
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when
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false
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a habitat is the role a species plays in a community
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true
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habitats may change
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false
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a niche is the place where an organism lives its life
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false
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a habitat can include only one niche
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true
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a species' niche includes how the species meets its need for food and shelter
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true
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the centipedes and worms that live under a certain log occupy the same habitat but have different niches
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false
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it is an advantage for two species to share the same niche
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true
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competition between two species is reduced when the species have different niches
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symbiosis
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organisms of different species live together in a close, permanent relationship
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commensalism
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one species benefits and the other species in neither benefited nor harmed by the relationship
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parasitism
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one species benefits from the relationship at the expense of the other species
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mutualism
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both species benefit from the other relationship
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3
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How many food chains make up the food web?
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insect
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Which organism is an herbivore ?
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plant
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Which organism is an autotroph?
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snake
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Which organism is a third-order heterotroph? To what trophic level does that organism belong?
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bird
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Which organism is an omnivore?
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Plants, insects, snake,bird
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Which organisms belong to more than one food chain?
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bird
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Which organism belongs to more than one trophic level?
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sunlight
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Energy that is lost at each trophic level of an ecosystem is replensished by
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nutrients
answer
besides energy, what moves through the organisms at each trophic level of an ecosystem?
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water cycle
answer
evaporation and condensation a part of the
question
evaporation
answer
Plants lose water to the air through
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Breathe and urinate
answer
Animals lose water when they
question
false
answer
a habitat is the role a species in a community T OR F
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true
answer
habitat may change T OR F
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false
answer
a niche is the place where an organism lives its life T OR F
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false
answer
a habitat can include only one niche T OR F
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true
answer
a species' niche includes how the species meets its need for food and shelter T OR F
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true
answer
the centipedes and worms that live under a certain log occupy the same habitat but have different niches. T OR F
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false
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it is an advantage for two species to share the same niche T OR F
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true
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competition betwen two species is reduced when the species have different niches. T OR F
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symbiosis
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organisms of different species live together in a close, permanent relationship ___________
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commensalism
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one species benefits and the other species is neither benefited nor harmed by the relationship___________
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parasitism
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one species benefits from the relationship at the expense of the other species____________
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mutualism
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both species benefit from the relationship______________
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Three
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How many food chains make up the food web?
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insects
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Which organism is an herbivor?
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snake, 4th
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Which organism is a 3rd order heterotrph? to what trophic level does that organism belong?
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Bird
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Which organism is an omnivore?
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Plants, Insects, Birds
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Which organisms belong to more than one trophic level?
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Eats dead animials.
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What are decomposers? From which trophic levels are the organisms that decomposers feed on?
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organisms
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living organisms in our world are connected to other
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ecology
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the branch of biology is called
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enviroment
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the scientific study of interactions among organisms and their
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nonliving
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when things are not alive They are
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biosphere
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all living things can be found in the
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atmosphere
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above the ocean
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biotic factors
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all living organism found , all the living organisms that inhabit an environment
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abiotic factors
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non-living things in an ecosystem
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humans
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people
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soil
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material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow
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community
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a group of people living in a particular local area
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competition
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the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources
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forest
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the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area
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population
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group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
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ecosystem
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a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment
