Chapter 2 Concepts Test Questions – Flashcards

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What did the builders of Stonehenge accomplish?
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a. They demonstrated that some natural events are predictable.
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Ockham's razor is a(n)
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b. philosophy advocating the simplest solutions.
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Dr. John Snow's research and observations improved the lives of London's citizens in the 1800s by
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d. associating disease with polluted water.
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The Greek astronomers' explanation for the celestial spheres did not encompass the phenomenon of
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c. a solar system.
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The Ptolemaic theory of the universe includes
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a. an unmoving Earth at the center.
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Copernicus hypothesized that
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Answer- D a. the Sun was the center of the universe. b. the Earth was the center of the universe. c. the planetary bodies had circular orbits. d.a & c e. b & c
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The 17th century laws of planetary motion stated that
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c. all planets orbit in oval paths.
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Which scientist would have been most likely to use the phrases "equal areas," "planetary period," and "elliptic foci"?
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b. Johannes Kepler
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Which of the following can happen to an astronaut during liftoff?
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d. blood is temporarily drained from the brain
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"Eighty miles per hour toward the northeast" is an example of
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d. velocity.
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Stepping on the brakes of a moving car is an example of
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d. acceleration.
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A car going around a racetrack at constant speed
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b. does accelerate.
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The path taken by an object thrown upward at the Earth's surface is
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b. a straight line.
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Which difficulty did Galileo encounter when trying to study falling objects?
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a. measuring time in units less than seconds
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To calculate the gravitational force between two objects, we need all the following except
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a. acceleration of both objects.
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Calculate the rate of acceleration for a car that reaches a speed of three meters per second in ten seconds.
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e. 30 m/s2
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Which explains the Law of Universal Gravitation?
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Answer- D a. force = (G X mass X Me)/Re2 b.gravitational force on an object on earth is relative to its size and mass c.gravitational force between two objects never equals zero d. all of the above
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If a ball is thrown upward with an initial velocity of 90.0 m/s, then, when it falls, its downward velocity
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c. equals its upward velocity at any given horizontal location.
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The astronomical model placing the Sun at the center of the solar system was resisted for hundreds of years because
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a. scientific instruments needed to measure astronomical distances with precision had not been invented.
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Which of the following is in uniform motion?
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e. a train traveling west at 70 mph
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Newton's three laws of motion include the idea that
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a. for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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An 80-kilogram sprinter can run up to 10 meters per second. How much force is needed to accelerate this sprinter from the starting blocks to a maximum speed in a half second?
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d. 1600 newtons
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Linear momentum is a quantity that is equal to the
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c. product of an object's mass x velocity.
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Newton recognized two kinds of motion--uniform motion and acceleration.
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True
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Galileo demonstrated that on Earth's surface heavy objects fall at the same rate as light objects.
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True
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Tycho Brahe is remembered for his design and use of astronomical instruments.
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True
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According to Kepler, the Sun is not at the center of the solar system.
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False
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Kepler's three laws gave scientists insight into the mechanism of solar system operation.
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False
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The terms weight and mass are interchangeable.
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False
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Scientists believe that the gravitational constant varies on different planets.
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False
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The law of conservation of momentum states that momentum will not change.
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False
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Newton calculated Earth's gravitational acceleration to be 9.8 m/s2.
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True
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If the Moon were positioned twice as far from the Earth as it is now, the gravitational attraction would be
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c. one-fourth as great.
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Acceleration due to gravity
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c.decreases with increasing altitude.
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The force pair of Newton's third law
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b.act on different objects.
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In the absence of a net force an object
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Answer- E a.is at rest. b.has zero speed. c.has zero acceleration. d.has terminal velocity e.all but b.
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Which of these statements is not true about Copernicus?
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e. He used a telescope to confirm his theories.
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A rock held above the floor but not dropped is an example of which of Newton's Laws?
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Answer- D a. The velocity is constant in the absence of a net force. b. The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to and in the same direction as the net force acting on the object. c. When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal force in the opposite direction on the first object. d. Both a and c
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According to Newton's laws
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Answer- E a.applying a force will change the motion of an object. b.momentum is zero if there are no forces added from outside the system. c.fireworks demonstrate a momentum of zero at their highest point in the explosion. d.solar system bodies have attractive forces acting on each other. e.all of the above
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Which of these does not follow from Newton's laws?
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b. A rock falling from 100 feet has a lower velocity than a rock falling from 50 feet.
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Which is an example of the law of compound motion?
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Answer- E a. dropping a penny from the Empire State Building b. throwing the first pitch in the American League's new baseball season c. kicking a field goal for winning points d. an acorn falling from a tree e. b & c
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At which of these locations is the pull of gravity towards the center of the Earth likely to be the weakest?
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d. on Mars
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Which of the following does not demonstrate angular momentum?
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d. an apple falling from a tree
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An example of a chaotic system is
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a. turbulent flow of fluids.
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Newton argued for the law of universal gravitation by reasoning
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Answer- D a. dropped apples always fall to the Earth. b. while the Earth pulls on the apple, the apple also pulls on the Earth. c. As a falling object, the moon falls by just the right amount to keep it in its observed orbit. d. all of the above
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The value of the Earth's acceleration (g) can be found by using Newton's universal equation for gravity.
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True
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Velocity and time have a direct relationship when the object being measured is accelerating at a constant rate.
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True
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The rising of a helium balloon refutes Newton's law of universal gravitation.
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False
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The mass of an object on the moon will be one-sixth that of the same object on earth.
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False
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The distance traveled by an object being accelerated depends on the time squared.
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True
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A horse running a circular track is accelerating, even if its speed remains constant.
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True
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Acceleration can involve changes in speed, changes in direction, or both.
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True
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Newton's second law tells us that the more massive an object being acted on by a given force, the greater the acceleration.
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False
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The velocity of a falling object is proportional to the length of time that object has been falling.
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True
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If vertical portion (y-axis) of the Galileo's inclined plane were twice the height shown below, how would the graph change?
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e.the acceleration increases
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Knowing that the moon and the earth are moving away from a common center of mass, how will this affect the angular momentum of the earth/moon system in 20 million years?
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c.stays the same
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