Chapter 19 Apush Terms Test Questions – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Wabash case
answer
-1886 -a supreme court case that ruled that individual states did not have the right to regulate interstate commerce -led to the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 and the Interstate Commerce Commission
question
Interstate Commerce Act
answer
-established the federal government's right to oversee railroad activities -required railroads to public their rate schedules and file them with the government
question
populism
answer
-one of the most powerful movements of political protest in American history -led by farmers in 1890's -favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other large industries
question
Grover Cleveland
answer
-22nd and 24th democratic reform President of the United States (1837-1908) -aka "veto governor" -had conservative policies -had illegitimate child -did not support protective tariffs, but wanted to reduce the tariff rates because DEMOCRAT -his presidency marked the beginning of the tariff question in election of 1888
question
protective tariffs
answer
tax on imported goods in order to protect domestic products (or products produced in their home) -intent was to get ppl to guy home products instead of imported ones -supported by Republicans, but not by Democrats
question
Sherman Antitrust Act
answer
-1890 -law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States -signed by Benjamin Harrison and used later by Theodore Roosevelt -virtually had no impact
question
McKinley Tariff
answer
-1890 -the highest protective (tariff) measure ever proposed to Congress signed by Repres. William McKinley and Senator Nelson W. Aldrich -led to the fall of the Republicans
question
Benjamin Harrison
answer
-23rd President -Republican -poor leader -supported protective tariffs and introduced the McKinley Tariff -increased federal spending to a billion dollars -reason for downfall of the Republicans
question
The Grange
answer
-full name: the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry -1860's - first major farm organization -founded by Oliver H. Kelley who left the gov. when he saw the isolation and drabness of rural farm life -not founded for means of protest but instead brought farmers together for community feeling -desired for the monopolistic railroads to go under gov. control -pressured state legislatures to regulate businesses on which farmers depended -made efforts for enterprises like the Montgomery Ward and Co. but they all failed bcuz of the opposition from monopolies!
question
Farmers' Alliances
answer
-groups of farmers in agrarian protest -principally concerned with local problems -formed cooperatives and marketing mechanisms such as stores, banks etc. to free them from dependence on the merchants -tried to resist oppressive outside forces with a sense of neighborhood/comradory -alliances notable for role of women
question
Mary Lease
answer
"raise less corn and more hell" -fiery Populist orator who gave many lectures, denouncing the money-grubbing government (banks, railroads, and "middlemen") and encouraged farmers to speak their discontent with the economic situation.
question
People's Party
answer
-aka Populists -3rd political party created by farmers' organizations (Grange, other alliances) -demonstrated their power in the election of 1892 with Populist president candidate James B Weaver of Iowa -consisted mostly of farmers who were engaged in type of farming being oppressed by new, mechanized commercial agriculture -believed people should influence the political process -ended upon "fusion" with the Democratic party in the campaign of William Jennings Bryan
question
Crime of '73
answer
-ended minting of silver dollars and placed the country on the gold standard -considered a conspiracy by big bankers when Congress stopped the coinage of the silver dollar against the will of the farmers and westerners who wanted unlimited coinage of silver.
question
"free silver"
answer
"free and unlimited coinage of silver" -became to them a symbol of liberation -they saw silver as the "people's money" and gold as the money of oppression -Major goal of the Populist Party; they did not want just a money system based upon gold. -believed to be able to relieve working conditions and exploitation of labor (wanted to increase in the quantity of money)
question
"Cross of Gold" Speech
answer
-given by William Jennings Bryan -given at the Democratic convention of 1896 -became one of the most famous political speeches in American history in support of free silver
question
Currency Act
answer
-1900 -act enacted by the Republicans which confirmed the nation's commitment to the gold standard by assigning a specific gold value to the dollar -required all currency issued by the U.S. to hew to that value REP = gold(conservative) DEM = silver
question
Roscoe Conkling
answer
-leader of the Stalwarts (faction of the Republican party) -Stalwarts favored traditional, professional machine politics
question
James G. Blaine
answer
-leader of the Half-Breeds (faction of the Republican party) -Half Breeds favored reform -each faction competing for control of the party threatening to split it
question
Rutherfords Hayes
answer
-Republican who was the cause of the split of the Republican party into Stalwarts and Halfbreeds -after him. still managed to keep Republican as president; the 2 factions agreed on James Garfield (Half-Breed - assassinated after trying to defy Stalwarts in his appointments) and Chester Arthur (Stalwart - when president tried to reform! even though Stalwart)
question
Pendleton Act
answer
-the 1st civil service measure that required some federal jobs be filled by taking written examinations rather than by patronage
question
Election of 1884
answer
-James G. Blaine (Republican Half-Breed faction) VS. Grover Cleveland -the reason for Cleveland's tight victory was from a religious controversy shortly before -Catholics were offended by James. G Blaine so voted for Cleveland resulting in his VICTORY!
question
Wilson-Gorman Tariff
answer
-enacted during Grover Cleveland's 2nd term reelected (president with Harrison in between his 2 terms) -reduced tariffs with very modest reductions (not very much)
question
Oliver H. Kelley
answer
-founded the Grange -was appalled by the isolation and drabness of rural life he left the government
question
Ocala Demands
answer
-issued at the national convention of Farmer Alliances in Oscala, Florida
question
Tom Watson
answer
-the only southern congressman elected in 1890 to openly identify with the Alliance -elected to the U.S congress, became known as a champion of Georgia's farmers
question
James Weaver
answer
-Populist presidential candidate of the People's Party who ran in the election of 1892 but Cleveland won
question
Populist Ideas
answer
-supported system of "subtreasuries" that would replace and strengthen the cooperatives -desired network of warehouses where farmers could deposit their crops -called for abolition of national banks because they believed they were dangerous -direct election of U.S. senators -wanted regulation and gov ownership of railroads -graduated income tax -REJECTED LAISSEZ FAIRE
question
Panic of 1893
answer
-most severe depression nation ever experienced -began due to bankruptcy of 2 railroad companies which caused a collapse of the stock market -then wave of bank failures began -Panic showed how dependent the economy was on railroads
question
Coxey's Army
answer
-began with Jacob S. Coxey (Populist) who began advocating a massive public works program to create jobs for the unemployed and an inflation of the currency -his proposals were ignored by Congress -in response the Coxey's Army marched to Washington to present their demands -police arrested them
question
Election of 1896
answer
Republican William McKinley defeat Democrat William Jennings Bryan in a campaign considered by historians to be one of the most dramatic in American history.
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New