Chapter 19 and 20 – Flashcards
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Identify the most muscular chamber.
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Left ventricle
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Name the inner lining of the heart.
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Endocardium
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Identify the valve found between the left atrium and left ventricle.
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Bicuspid (mitral) valve
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What heart chamber pushes blood through the aortic semilunar valve?
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Left ventricle
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Name the needle like ridges of muscle lining the ventricles.
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Trabeculae carneae
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What fibrous structure functions to anchor the atrioventricular valves in a closed position?
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Chordae tendineae
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Blood on the right never mixes with blood on the left, once the heart is fully developed.
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True
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The structure that prevents back flow of blood into the left atrium is the ______________
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mitral (bicuspid) valve
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The vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood to tissues is _________________
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aorta
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The capillaries receiving blood flow from the left side of the heart are ___________
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systemic capillaries
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The structure that is located anatomically between the aorta and the left ventricle is ____
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aortic semilunar valve
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Select the correct partial path below. This path is part of the complete blood flow pathway. You should be able to trace flow starting in any location.
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Aorta to smaller systemic arteries to systemic capillaries to systemic veins to right atrium through the tricuspid valve
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A physician determines that the apex of a patient's heart lies at the costal cartilage of the fourth rib two fingers' breadth to the right of the sternum. What can the physician immediately determine about the patient's heart?
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The heart is displaced superiorly and to the right.
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Which heart chamber has the thickest myocardium?
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the left ventricle, because it pumps blood at a higher pressure
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The parietal layer of the serous pericardium __________.
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adheres to the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
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Irregular ridges of muscle called trabeculae carneae are located within the walls of the__________ .
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ventricles
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The__________ is a sheet of endothelium resting on a thin layer of connective tissue, which lines the heart chambers and covers the heart valves.
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endocardium
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The__________ layer of the serous pericardium is also known as the epicardium.
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visceral
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Which vessels drain into the right atrium?
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superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus
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The fibrous skeleton of the heart functions in all of these ways EXCEPT in __________.
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causing direct spread of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles
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What is the function of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves?
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preventing eversion of the valves into the atria
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The two semilunar valves __________.
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close when the ventricles relax
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Which statement concerning the pulmonary arteries is FALSE?
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The pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood back from the lungs to the heart.
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Blood flows from the pulmonary arteries, directly to the__________ .
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lungs
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Blood moves from the left ventricle into what vessel?
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ascending aorta
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The term that describes the relaxation of a heart chamber wall as it fills with blood is__________ .
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diastole
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In common usage, the terms "systole" and "diastole" refer to __________, respectively.
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ventricular contraction and ventricular filling
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Which of these conduction sequences through the heart is correct?
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SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
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An atherosclerotic blockage in the circumflex artery would result in decreased (or lack of) blood flow to the __________.
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left atrium and posterior part of the left ventricle
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__________ is the condition in which the heart enlarges and pumping efficiency declines; increased demand further weakens the heart.
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congestive heart failure
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What is distinctive about the tunica media of arteries when compared to the tunica media of veins?
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The tunica media is thicker in arteries than in veins.
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Elastic arteries __________.
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have the greatest diameter of all arteries and includes the aorta.
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When cross sections of several different types of arteries are examined under a microscope, elastic arteries can be distinguished by the presence of __________.
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vasa vasorum in the tunica externa, and a high concentration of elastin in the tunica media
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The diameter of arterioles is regulated by __________.
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local factors (chemicals) in peripheral tissues signaling smooth muscle cells to either contract or relax
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Which vessels supply blood to the brain?
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common carotid arteries and subclavian arteries
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Which body regions are supplied by the brachiocephalic artery?
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the right side of the head and thorax and the right upper limb
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Which vessel or vessels are the first to branch off the aorta?
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coronary arteries
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An aneurysm __________.
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is a saclike widening and weakening along an artery
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Varicose veins are twisted, swollen superficial venous blood vessels, and usually occur in the lower limbs. What are the main causes of varicose veins?
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All of the listed responses are correct.
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What is the function of valves in veins?
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They counteract low venous pressure, and prevent backflow of blood away from the heart.
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Pulse points are superficial arteries that can be palpated and the blood pressure changes in the artery can be detected. Which of the following are pulse points in the head and neck?
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Facial artery at the inferior margin of the mandible.
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Pulse points are superficial arteries that can be palpated and the blood pressure changes in the artery can be detected. Which of the following are pulse points in the upper limb?
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Brachial artery in the cubical fossa.
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Vasa vasorum __________.
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are small vessels within the tunica externa of large arteries and veins
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Which vessels merge to form the basilar artery?
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vertebral arteries
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A blockage in the internal iliac artery would impair blood flow to all of the following EXCEPT the __________.
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muscles of lower limbs and a small portion of the anterior abdominal wall
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In fetal circulation, the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus __________.
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shunt blood away from pulmonary circulation
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If capillaries fail to develop in a certain location, this condition is called an __________.
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arteriovenous malformation
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Which of the following is true of deep vein thromboses of the lower limb?
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Clots can detach and travel to the pulmonary trunk, causing a pulmonary embolism.
