Chapter 18: Collective Action – Flashcards
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Collective action - part of the group against social norm, location. deviance - alone
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Collective Action vs Devience
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people protesting are physically together.
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Crowd collective Action
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people are not physically together (ex: signing petitions, writing letters)
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Mass collective Action
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1. Convergence Theory 2. Contagion Theory 3. Emergent Norm Theory 4. Value Added Theory
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Theories of Collective Action
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people with similar ideas gather in the same place, not necessarily planned (ex: football matches) doesn't explain inconsistence.
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Convergence Theory
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people's tendency to conform to the behavior with whom their are in close contact; disease. people are just sheep?????? + inconsistency.
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Contagion Theory
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"keynoters", whose actions are copied by the entire group. Why are some leaders and some are not??? (ex: plane)
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Emergent Norm Theory
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social movements increase in value in a series of progressive stages: 1. social strain present 2. folks need to agree 3. they need to be ready to act upon 4. spark ignites controversy 5. need to gather in organized fashion 6. failure to control by established authority
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Value Added Theory
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when collective actions becomes purposeful, organized, and institutionalized. motivated by social or political aim
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social movememnt
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specific groups; limited change; limited social change; singular concern; target narrow group of people, issue oriented (ex: MADD)
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Alterative Social Movement
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specific groups, radical change; (ex: addicts)
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Redemptive Social Movement
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limited social change; entire society; Ex: eating local, biking to work
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Reformative Social Movements
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radical change for the whole society; ex: Tea Party Movement, reducing the role of the government in American Society. Occupy Wall Street.
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Revolutionary Social Movement
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1. Classical Movement 2. Resource-Mobilization Model 3. Political Process Model
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How do Social Movements evolve?
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a concept of structural weakness in society; when the disruption reach a certain threshold, it gives to a social movement. not by individuals; might or might not evolve social movement; doesn't achieve specific rational political goals overemphasizing psychological tensions.
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Classical Model
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collective phenomena; emphasizes political context and goals. you need resources; elite members have a chance of leading.
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Resource - mobilization thoery
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most widely used; 3 set of conditions - expanding political opportunities, indigenous organizational strength, and certain shared cognitions among the movement's proponents. (ex: prohibition).
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Political Process Model
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1. emergence (identified) 2. coalescence ( resource are mobilized, concrete action is taken) 3. routinization / institutionalization (formal structure is formed to address the issue, executive director, secretary etc. ) ex: Pro Choice, NARAL
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Three stages of social movements
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designed to recruit new members and coordinate participation, held to raise money, clarify goals and the structure participation.
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Social Movement Organizations
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has a full time leadership staff dedicated to the movement and large membership base (ex: NARAL, Pro-Choice)
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Professional Social Movement Organizations
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rank and file membership is directly involved; Grassroots and mass protest organizations.
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Participatory Social Movement Organizations
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Participatory Social Movement Organization; through protest and demonstration. relies on high level member participation. (ex: global justice, antiglobalization, Critical Mass).
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mass protest organizations.
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participatory Social Movement Organization, works through existing political structures, letter-writing campaigns, local issues, and concerns (ex: NUMBYism, frontyards)
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Grassroots organization
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"primitive" societies; no division of labor, small villages, technology is undeveloped, cocentric circles of socail affiliation.
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Premodernity
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rationality, bureaucratization, objectivity, individuality created by non concentric, but overlapping, group affiliation.
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Modernity
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questioning of linear progression of society?multiculturalism,
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Postmodern
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1. technology and innovation 2. new ideas and identities 3. conflict
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Causes of social change
