Chapter 16 Sapling – Flashcards
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Central Dogma of biology
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Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from DNA. Translation is the process of synthesizing an amino acid sequence from RNA.
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Genetic code conclusions
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There are three codons that specify the end of translation
Many amino acids are encoded by multiple codons
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mRNA description
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a linear sequence of ribonucleotides transcribed from DNA that carries instructions for protein production
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How many codons could be formed if each codon was two bases long?
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16 codons
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Why is the genetic code on the mRNA composed of triplet codons instead of doublet codons?
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Triplets produce 64 codons, which are enough to provide at least one codon for each of the 20 amino acids.
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Universal DNA attribute
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Nucleotides A, C, G, T
Code for amino acids
Triplet codes
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Which mRNA codon functions as the start codon, directing the ribosome to begin translating the mRNA from the correct end?
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AUG
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During meiosis, errors can occur during chromosome replication. Which term describes the addition of genetic material to a chromosome through extra replication of a chromosomal section?
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Duplication
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What is a substitution mutation?
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The exchange of one nucleotide for another nucleotide in a DNA molecule
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Which type of DNA mutation results in a change in the reading frame of an mRNA?
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Deletion of a single nucleotide
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Some mutations do not affect the amino acid sequence of the protein produced using the mutated gene. How can the correct amino acid be incorporated into the protein despite a mutation in the gene sequence?
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The amino acid specified by the mutated codon may be unchanged by the mutation.
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Which of the following are potential effects of a point mutation within a protein coding gene?
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An incorrect amino acid is placed in a protein and it affects how the protein functions.
A nucleotide is replaced with another nucleotide but the amino acid sequence remains the same.
A nucleotide is used in place of another and the change results in a stop codon.
