chapter 15 – psychological disorder treatments – Flashcards
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what is psychotherapy?
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generic name given to formal psychological treatment
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what are biological therapies?
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the treatment of psychological disorders based on medical approaches to disease (what is wrong with the body) and to illness (what a person feels as a result)
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what are the different forms of therapy?
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psychodynamic, client centered, behavior, cognitive, and cognitive restructuring
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what is psychodynamic therapy?
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therapy that aims to help clients examine needs, defenses and motives as a way to understand distress
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what is psychodynamic therapy based on?
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freudian theory
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what is insight?
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a client's awareness of his or her own unconscious psychological processes and how these processes affect daily functioning
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what is client centered therapy?
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an empathic approach to therapy that encourages people to fulfill their own potentials for personal growth through greater self understanding
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what is behavior therapy?
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treatment based on the premise that behavior is learned and therefore can be unlearned through the use of conditioning
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what is exposure?
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repeated exposures to anxiety producing stimulus or situation
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what is cognitive therapy?
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treatment based on the idea that distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors and emotions: treatment strategies attempt to modify these thought patterns
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what is cognitive restructuring?
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a therapy that strives to help clients recognize maladaptive thought patterns and replace them with ways of viewing the world that are more in tune with reality
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whats an example of a maladaptive pattern?
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"my boss yelled at me" --> "I'm worthless" --> depression
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what is an example of how a maladaptive pattern would respond to cognitive restructuring?
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"my boss yelled at me" --> "my boss must be having a bad day" --> no depression
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what is cognitive behavioral therapy?
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a therapy that incorporates techniques from cognitive therapy and behavior therapy to correct faulty thinking and change maladaptive behaviors
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what is the most widely used version of psychotherapy?
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cognitive behavioral therapy
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what are psychotropic medications?
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drugs that affect mental processes
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what are some examples of psychotropic medications?
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anti anxiety drugs, antidepressants, and antipsychotic drugs
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how do psychotropic medications work?
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the drugs act upon the biological imbalances that exist in these disroders
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what are drug treatments for anxiety?
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antidepressants or anti anxiety drugs
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what are drug treatments for psychosis?
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antipsychotics
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what is tar dive dyskinesia?
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involuntary muscle twitching, especially in neck and face that can be a side effect of psychosis treatments
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what are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)?
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they are commonly used to treat anxiety and depression
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how to SSRIs work?
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they target the re uptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing more serotonin to remain in the synapse for the body to absorb
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how do we believe serotonin affects us?
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its theorized that greater amounts of serotonin in the synapse alleviate depressive symptoms
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what is electroconvulsive therapy?
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rare therapy that has been shown to be effective in some extreme cases of depression
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what is transcranial magnetic stimulation?
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a therapy that some evidence shows is useful for treating depression
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what is deep brain stimulation?
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therapy involving implanting electrodes deep in the brain
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what is the placebo affect?
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an improvement in psychical or mental health following treatment with no active component on the disorder being treated
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what are the most effective ways to treat OCD?
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medication and Cognitive behavioral therapy
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what is the most effective way to treat depression?
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antidepressant meds and cognitive behavioral therapy
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what is the best way to treat bipolar disorder?
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with lithium and antipsychotics
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whats the best way to treat schizophrenia?
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with antipsychotics and psychosocial treatments (social skills training)
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why are personality disorders hard to treat?
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because we know little about the biological causes of them --> treatments usually have a low success rate
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what are ways to treat ADHD?
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behavioral treatment and methylphenidate (ritalin)
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what does ritalin target?
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the dopamine system
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what is behavioral treatment?
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reinforcing positive behaviors and punishing problem behaviors
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what are treatments for ASD (autism)?
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while we know that ASD is caused by biological factors we haven't been able to create biological therapies for the disorder
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what is applied behavioral analysis?
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a therapy that sets a certain behavioral goal and then reinforces the behaviors that get nearer to that goal and the behaviors that do not don't get reinforced
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what does applied behavioral analysis usually require?
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about 40 hours a week of therapy
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what is applied behavioral analysis used to treat?
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ASD (autism)
