Chapter 14 Mitosis Lab – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Mitosis is synonymous with the cell cycle.
answer
B) False
question
Define mitosis.
answer
Mitosis is the replication and division of the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell in preparation for cytokinesis.
question
Mitosis occurs in bacteria.
answer
B) False
question
A cell spends most of its time in ________, which is divided into cytokinesis, gap 1, synthesis, and gap 2.
answer
interphase
question
In which phase does DNA replication occur?
answer
C) synthesis
question
Match the term and the occurrence::cytokinesis
answer
B) division of the cytoplasm and cell into two cells, each containing a nucleus
question
List the five stages of mitosis in their correct order.
answer
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
question
In metaphase, each chromosome consists of an identical pair of chromosomal DNA strands called ________.
answer
sister chromatids
question
The ________ is formed by polar, kinetochore, and astral microtubules.
answer
mitotic spindle
question
Which type of microtubules connect the sister chromatids to the spindle?
answer
B) kinetochore
question
What happens during prophase?
answer
Sister chromatids condense, the spindle starts to form, and the nuclear membrane starts to dissociate.
question
What happens during anaphase?
answer
Sister chromatids separate and move toward poles.
question
What happens during prometaphase?
answer
Sister chromatids attach to spindle via kinetochore microtubules.
question
What happens during telophase?
answer
Chromosomes decondense and nuclear membranes re-form.
question
What happens during metaphase?
answer
Sister chromatids align along the metaphase plate.
question
In cytokinesis of animal cells, a ________ forms that begins on the periphery and pinches inward, dividing the cytoplasm.
answer
B) cleavage furrow
question
In cytokinesis of plant cells, a ________ forms in the middle of the cell and grows out to the periphery, dividing the cytoplasm.
answer
A) cleavage plate
question
Root tips of plants contain meristems, localized area of rapid cell division due to active growth. In what other areas would you expect to find meristems in plants?
answer
shoot tips, leaf buds, flower buds, etc.
question
A ________ cell has two copies of each chromosome or a double set of chromosomes.
answer
diploid
question
Mitosis is used for growth and maintenance in your body. Describe three ways that your body used mitosis today.
answer
produce skin cells, hair cells, cells lining the gut, blood cells, etc.
question
The stages of mitosis are not discrete and occur in a continuous sequence.
answer
A) True
question
Define cancer.
answer
Cancer is unrestrained cell proliferation caused by damage to genes that regulate mitosis.
question
The division of human cells consists of a series of events, collectively called ________, or nuclear division, and ________, or division of the cytoplasm.
answer
B) mitosis, cytokinesis
question
During this phase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle forms and the nuclear envelope fragments.
answer
C) prophase
question
During ________, the shortest phase of mitosis, chromosomes are pulled toward the poles of the cell.
answer
A) anaphase
question
This organelle is particularly important during cell division. It directs the formation of the mitotic spindle.
answer
A) centriole
question
________ is/are a contractile ring of actin microfilaments that eventually results in the division of the cytoplasm.
answer
A) Cleavage furrow
question
Only one human cell has a flagellum. This specialization allows the cell to propel itself forward. It is a ________.
answer
D) sperm cell
question
From the time it is formed until it reproduces, the cell undergoes growth and carries out its functions in the body. What is the name for this portion of the cell's life cycle?
answer
C) interphase
question
The end product of cell division by mitosis is ________.
answer
A) 2 genetically identical daughter cells
question
You are observing a slide that contains cells undergoing cell division, and you have focused on a cell that has darkly staining X-shaped chromosomes that appear loose throughout the cell. You cannot see a nuclear envelope. This cell is in ________.
answer
B) prophase
question
What event immediately precedes anaphase?
answer
A) Chromosomes cluster at the midline of the cell.
question
In which phase(s) of mitosis do the chromosomes contain a single copy of DNA?
answer
D) telophase and anaphase
question
Interphase has sometimes been called the "resting phase." Why is this inaccurate?
answer
Cell is growing and metabolizing. DNA is synthesized. Chromosomes are duplicated. Majority of all life processes occurs in interphase.
question
Most general functions of a cell occur during G1 of interphase. What events that occur during other phases of the cell cycle might inhibit general metabolism?
answer
DNA synthesis mitosis cytokinesis
question
Read in your textbook about prokaryotic cellular respiration; list the fundamental cellular/structural differences between it and eukaryotic cellular respiration. What is the basis for these differences?
answer
Prokaryotes lack mitochondria. This is the major basis for differences. Prokaryoteshave lack of organelles, less options for metabolic processes. prokaryotes, glycolysis only glycolysis, TCA cycle, E.T.C.
question
Some specialized cells such as neurons and red blood cells lose their ability to replicate when they mature. Which phase of the cell cycle do you suspect is terminal for these cells? Why?
answer
GI1, doesn't undergo replication, therefore do not enter S phase. Both neurons and blood cells divide specifically from stem cells, some embryonic
question
Find a concise definition of "cancer." How might methods to treat cancer relate to the details in this lab exercise?
answer
uncontrolled mitosis. Methods to treat involve arresting cell cycle at "gap points."
