Chapter 14: Lymphatic & Immune Systems – Flashcards
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immun/o
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protection autoimmune disease, immunoglobulin, immunosuppression,
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lymph/o
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lymph lymphopoiesis, lymphedema, lymphocytopenia, lymphocytosis, lymphoid
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lymphaden/o
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lymph node (gland) lymphadenoopathy, lymphadenitis,
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splen/o
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spleen splenomegaly, splenectomy, asplenia, hypersplenism
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thym/o
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thymus gland thymoma, thymectomy
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tox/o
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poison toxic
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ana-
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again, anew anaphylaxix
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inter-
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between interstitial fluid
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axill/o
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axillary
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cervic/o
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cervix
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inguin/o
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groin
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-cytosis
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condition of cells; slight increase in numbers
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-edema
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swelling
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-globulin
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protein
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-megaly
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enlargement
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-oid
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resembling; derived from
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-pathy
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disease; emotion
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-penia
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deficiency
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-phylaxis
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protection
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-poiesis
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formation
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-stitial
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pertaining to standing or positioned
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-suppression
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stopping
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ana-
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up; apart; backward; again, anew
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auto-
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self, own
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hyper-
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above; excessive
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inter-
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between
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retro-
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behind; back; backward
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lymphocytopenia
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A deficiency of lymph cells.
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lymphadenitis
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Inflammation of the lymph nodes.
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splenomegaly
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Enlargement of the spleen.
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splenectomy
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Surgical removal of the spleen.
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asplenia
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Absence of a spleen; may be congenital or a result of surgery.
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hypersplenism
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Condition in which the spleen removes blood components at an excessive rate
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thymoma
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Tumor of the thymus gland.
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thymectomy
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Surgical removal of the thymus gland.
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toxic
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Pertaining to poison.
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severe combined immunodeficiency disease SCID (Immunodeficiency)
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Congenital disorder where infants are born with a deficiency of B cells and T cells, resulting in a lack of immunity.
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS (Immunodeficiency)
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Group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems.
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human immunodeficiency virus HIV
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HIV destroys helper T cells, disrupting the immune response.
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opportunistic infections
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Infectious diseases associated with AIDS; they occur because HIV infection lowers the body's resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained.
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Kaposis carcoma
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A malignant lesion (cancer) arising from the lining cells of capillaries that produces dark purplish skin nodules.
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wasting syndrome
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Weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity; associated with AIDS.
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reverse transcriptase RT
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The viral enzyme associated with AIDS.
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reverse transcriptase inhibitors RTIs
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Drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV.
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protease inhibitors
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Drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces of HIV.
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highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART
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A an often effective combination of protease inhibitors and RTIs used to treat AIDS.
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allergy (hypersensitivity)
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Abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen.
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allergic rhinitis
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Hay fever.
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systemic anaphylaxis
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An extraordinary hypersensitivity reaction throughout the body, leading to hypotension, shock, respiratory distress, edema of the larynx.
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asthma
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Allergy to pollen, dust, molds.
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hives
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Allergy causing hives caused by food or drugs.
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atopic dermatitis
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Topical reaction from soaps, cosmetics, or chemicals.
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atopic
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A person who is atopic is prone to allergies.
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lymphoma
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Malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue.
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Hodgkin disease
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Malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes. Reed-Sternberg cells often found in microscopic analysis.
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Reed-Sternberg cell
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Unusual cell found in persons with Hodkin's disease.
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Staging of Hodgkin disease
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Involves assessing the extent of spread of the disease.
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non-Hodgkin lymphomas
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Group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue. Examples include follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma.
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follicular lymphoma
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Hon-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of collections of small lymphocytes in a follicle or nodule arrangement.
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large cell lymphoma
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Hon-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of large lymphocytes that infiltrate noes and tissues diffusely.
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multiple myeloma
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Malignant tumor of bone marrow cells that is composed of plasma cells (antibody-producing B lymphocytes).
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Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
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Tumor of malignant B cells.
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thymoma
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Malignant tumor of the thymus gland.
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allergen
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Substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body; a type of antigen.
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anaphylaxis
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Exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein and other substance.
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atopy
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Hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition. From the Greek work atopia, which means strangeness.
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CD4+ cells
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Helper T cells that carry the CD4 protein antigen on their surface. HIV binds to CD4, infects and kills T cells bearing this protein. AIDS patients have an inadequate number of CD4+ cells.
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human immunodeficiency virus HIV
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Virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS.
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protease inhibitor
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Drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces of HIV.
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LABORATORY TESTS AND CLINICAL PROCEDURES
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Laboratory Tests & Clinical Procedures page 562 - 563
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CD4+ cell count
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Measures the number of CD4+ T cells (helper T cells) in teh bloodstream of the patient with AIDS. Normal count is between 500 and 1500 CD4+ cells per mm3
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ELISA
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Screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream. If the result is positive it is confirmed with a more specific Western Blot test.
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immunoelectrophoresis
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Test that separates immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, IgD).
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viral load test
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Measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream; PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assay and NASBA (neucleic acid sequence--based amplification) test.
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computer tomography (CT) scan
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X-ray imaging produces cross-sectional and other views of anatomic structures to detect abnormalities of lymphoid organs.
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Western blot
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A test to detect HIV; more specific than ELISA.
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lymphocytosis
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Increase in white blood cells.
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isoimmunity
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Normal but undesirable immune response (ex. donor tissue rejection).
