Chapter 14 anatomy – Flashcards

motor to the muscles of the tongue

either to his right eye or his right optic nerve

They all transmit special sensory impulses.

IV

XI

VIII

I

trochlear

optic

accessory.

VII

III, IV, and VI

vagus

vestibulocochlear

true

eight

branch from spinal nerves to innervate the deep/intrinsic muscles of the back

dorsal root of spinal nerves.

phrenic

present in 31 pairs.

C3-C5

false

loss of function of digital and carpal extensors

innervates the biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis muscles

Dermatomes can help pinpoint the level of spinal injuries.

radial

sciatic

brachial plexus.

phrenic

femoral

true

true

*Children that have had chicken pox may experience a reactivation of this viral infection in adulthood, which is known as

*functions to control tongue movements during speech and swallowing

*a type of mechanoreceptor that monitors blood pressure

*receptor sensitive to chemicals in solution

*sensory end organ that responds to stimuli from the external world

*sensory neurons that monitor touch, pressure, vibration, pain, and temperature *considered this title because they are widely distributed over the body

*sensitive to stimuli arising from visceral organs (where nerve endings are situated) *respond to changes and stimuli within the body's internal environment *also called visceroceptor

*L1-L4 spinal nerves involved in it *could become paralyzed if these nerves are damaged

*sensitive to mechanical forces, such as stretch, pressure, or vibration

*a nerve containing fibers of both sensory and motor neurons; all spinal nerves are mixed nerves

*(To skeletal muscle) belong to the somatic division of the nervous system

*Complex, spindle-shaped receptor in skeletal muscles that senses muscle stretch *encapsulated receptors

*respond to harmful stimuli that result in pain

*portion of the nervous system consisting of nerves and ganglia that lie outside the brain and spinal cord *all of the special senses (taste, smell, vision, hearing, and eq) are part of the afferent division of this

*specialized receptor cells that respond to light energy *rod cells and cone cells

*Receptor that senses movement in the musculoskeletal system; more specifically, proprioceptors sense stretch in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules

*31 pairs that attach to the spinal cord

*receptor sensitive to temperature changes

*branches of this cranial nerve are desensitized when a dentist gives a shot of Novocain which prevents pain impulse transmission from the teeth and gums *contains these classes of nerve fibers: somatic motor and general somatic sensory

*last nerve in thoracic series *It lies inferior to the 12th rib

*transmits afferent impulses for the special senses of hearing and balance

*deep pressure *encapsulated receptors

*pressure *encapsulated receptors

*touch, light pressure *encapsulated receptors *found in dermal papillae of hairless skin, particularly of nipples and fingertips

*hair movement *unencapsulated receptors

*encapsulated receptors

*light touch *unencapsulated receptors

*pain and temperature *unencapsulated receptors

False

* can puncture the meninges and the epithelial lining of the nasal mucosa. Such an injury can result in loss of the cerebrospinal fluid, which will drip from the nose

can cause blindness in the right eye, while the vision in the left eye remains normal.

will cause vision loss to both eyes.

*as the muscle inserts into the back of the sclera, it will roll the front half of the eye downward. This is important because CN IV is called the "trochlear nerve" *the trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle, and the superior oblique muscle can cause the eye to move inferiorly because the muscle inserts in the back part of the eye, causing the front of the eye to move downward

*vitamin B deficiency and diabetes can cause this

abnormal sensation of numbness, burning, or tingling *temporarily occurs when the peripheral nerve serving the region is compressed

*when the phrenic nerve induces abrupt, rhythmic contractions of the diaphragm. commonly originates from sensory irritation of the diaphragm or stomach *painful stimuli from the diaphragm, which is carried on the somatic sensory fibers of the phrenic nerve, can be perceived as coming from the skin of the shoulder area which is innervated by the same spinal segments

*compression of this by a herniated disc causes a major disturbance in gait because the femoral nerve innervates muscles that flex the thigh at the hip and muscles that extend the leg at the knee. other symptoms are pain or anesthesia of the anterior thigh and of the medial thigh if the obturator nerve is impaired

*characterized by stabbing pain over the course of this nerve *often occurs when a herniated lumbar disc presses on the sacral dorsal roots within the vertebral canal. *wounds to the buttocks or posterior thigh can sever the sciatic nerve, in which case the leg cannot be flexed at the knee (hamstrings paralyzed)and the foot cannot be moved at the ankle. When only the tibial nerve is injured, the paralyzed muscle in the calf cannot plantar flex the foot, and a shuffling gait results

when the common fibular nerve is damaged, dorsiflexion is lost and the foot drops into plantar flexion. The common fibular nerve is susceptible to injury in the superolateral leg where it superficially is located and easily crushed against the neck of the fibula

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pg 463

pg 463

pg 463