Chapter 13 MB – Flashcards

Which of the following defines a genome? a. the complete set of a species' polypeptides b. the complete set of an organism's polypeptides c. a karyotype d. the complete set of an organism's genes and other DNA sequences

Asexual reproduction occurs during _____. a. fertilization b. mitosis c. chromosome exchange between organisms of different species d. meiosis

Quaking aspen can send out underground stems for asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is not as common, but when it does happen, the haploid gametes have 19 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the cells of the underground stems? a. 10 b. 9 c. 38 d. 19

Asexual reproduction _____. a. leads to a loss of genetic material b. requires both meiosis and mitosis c. is limited to single-cell organisms d. is limited to plants e. produces offspring genetically identical to the parent

What number and types of chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell? a. 45 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome b. 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome c. 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes d. n chromosomes e. 21 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes

For what purpose(s) might a karyotype be prepared? Choose the best answer. a. for prenatal screening, to determine if a fetus has the correct number of chromosomes b. to determine whether a fetus is male or female c. to detect the possible presence of chromosomal abnormalities such as deletions, inversions, or translocations d. The first and second answers are correct. e. The first three answers are correct.

Which of the following is a true statement about sexual vs. asexual reproduction? a. Asexual reproduction, but not sexual reproduction, is characteristic of plants and fungi. b. In asexual reproduction, offspring are produced by fertilization without meiosis. c. In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring. d. Asexual reproduction produces only haploid offspring.

In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common? a. length, centromere position, and staining pattern only b. length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes c. length and position of the centromere only d. They have nothing in common except that they are X-shaped.

Homologous chromosomes _____. a. carry information for the same traits b. carry the same alleles c. are identical d. align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II

If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state? a. fertilization b. synapsis c. DNA replication d. reverse transcription

How are sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes different from each other? a. They are not different. Homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids are both identical copies of each other. b. Homologous chromosomes contain the same gene loci but may have different alleles of a particular gene. Sister chromatids are identical copies of each other produced during DNA replication. c. Homologous chromosomes are identical copies of each other. One sister chromatid comes from the father, and one comes from the mother. d. Homologous chromosomes are closely associated with each other in both mitosis and meiosis. Sister chromatids are only associated with each other during mitosis. e. Sister chromatids are only formed during mitosis. Homologous chromosomes are formed during meiosis.

Meiosis I produces _____ cells, each of which is _____. a. four ... diploid b. two... diploid c. two ... haploid d. two... identical to the other e. four ... haploid

Meiosis II typically produces _____ cells, each of which is _____. a. four ... identical to the other b. four ... haploid c. four ... diploid d. two ... haploid e. two... diploid

During _____ sister chromatids separate. a. anaphase II b. prophase II c. prophase I d. interphase e. metaphase I

At the end of _____ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids. a. telophase I b. interphase c. telophase II d. metaphase II e. telophase

Synapsis occurs during _____. a. prophase II b. anaphase II c. metaphase II d. prophase I e. telophase I and cytogenesis

Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during _____. a. anaphase I b. prophase II c. telophase II and cytokinesis d. metaphase I e. metaphase II

During _____ chromosomes align single file along the equator of a haploid cell. a. prophase I b. telophase I and cytokinesis c. metaphase II d. metaphase I e. anaphase I

At the end of _____ and cytokinesis there are four haploid cells. a. prophase I b. prophase II c. interphase d. telophase II e. anaphase I

During _____ a spindle forms in a haploid cell. a. prophase I b. anaphase II c. metaphase II d. prophase II e. telophase I and cytokinesis

Mitosis results in the formation of how many cells; meiosis results in the formation of how many cells? a. four diploid cells ... four haploid cells b. two diploid cells ... two haploid cells c. four haploid cells ... two diploid cells d. two diploid cells ... two diploid cells e. two diploid cells ... four haploid cells

Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not during mitosis? a. Synapsis occurs. b. Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate. c. Chromosomes condense. d. Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles. e. A spindle apparatus forms.

When we first see chiasmata under a microscope, we know that _____. a. anaphase II has occurred b. meiosis II has occurred c. separation of homologs has occurred d. prophase I is occurring

For the following question, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. Prophase I V. Prophase II II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle. a. II b. I c. IV d. VI

For the following question, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. Prophase I V. Prophase II II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II Centromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate. a. III b. IV c. V d. VII

The shuffling of chromosomes that occurs during both fertilization and _____ can lead to genetic variation. a. mutation b. meiosis c. natural selection d. genetic drift e. mitosis

Heritable variation is required for which of the following? a. the production of a clone b. evolution c. asexual reproduction d. meiosis e. mitosis

Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs during _____. a. meiosis II only b. mitosis and meiosis I c. meiosis I only d. mitosis and meiosis II

When homologous chromosomes cross over, what occurs? a. Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA. b. Two chromatids get tangled, resulting in one re-sequencing its DNA. c. Corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids are exchanged. d. Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles and vice versa.