Chapter 12 Sociology – Flashcards
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formal schooling
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education that is provided and regulated by society
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open classroom
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a nonbuereaucratic approach to education based on democracy, flexibility, and noncompetitiveness
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cooperative learning
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instructional method that relies on cooperation among students
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integrative curriculum
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an approach to education based on student-teacher collaboration
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voucher system
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system in which public schools funds may be used to support public, private or religious schools
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charter schools
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public schools that are operated like private school teachers and administrators
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magnet schools
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public schools that focus on particular disciplines or areas, such as fine arts or science
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for-profit schools
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schools run by private companies on government funds
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manifest function
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an action that produces an intended and recognized result
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latent function
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an action that produces an unintended and unrecognized result
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tracking
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placement of students in programs according to academic ability levels
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meritocracy
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a society in which social status is based on ability and achievements
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competition
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system in which rewards are based on relative performance
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educational equality
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educational equality in which schooling produces the same results for lower-class and minority as it does for other children
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cognitive ability
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capacity for thinking abstractly
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cultural bias
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the unfair measurement of the cognitive abilities of people in some social categories
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school desegregation
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the achievements of a racial balance in the classroom
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multicultural education
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an educational curriculum that emphasizes differences among gender, ethnic, and racial categories
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compensatory education
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specific curricular programs designed to overcome a deficiency
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hidden curriculum
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the nonacademic agenda that teaches discipline, order cooperativeness, and conformity
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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a prediction that results in behavior that makes the prediction come true
