Chapter 11: Motivation and Work – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
motivation
answer
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
question
instinct
answer
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
question
drive-reduction theory
answer
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
question
homeostasis
answer
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
question
incentive
answer
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
question
hierarchy of needs
answer
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
question
glucose
answer
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues; when its level is low, we feel hunger
question
set point
answer
the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set; when the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight
question
basal metabolic rate
answer
the body's resting rate of energy expenditure
question
anorexia nervosa
answer
an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve
question
bulimia nervosa
answer
an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
question
binge-eating disorder
answer
significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa
question
sexual response cycle
answer
the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson--excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
question
refractory period
answer
a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
question
sexual disorder
answer
a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
question
estrogens
answer
sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics
question
testosterone
answer
the most importent of the male sex hormones; both males and females have it, but the additional amount in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
question
sexual orientation
answer
an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex or the other sex
question
flow
answer
a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills
question
industrial-organizational psychology
answer
the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
question
personnel psychology
answer
a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development
question
organizational psychology
answer
a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change
question
structured interviews
answer
interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales
question
achievement motivation
answer
a desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for rapidly attaining a high standard
question
task leadership
answer
goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals
question
social leadership
answer
group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support
