Flashcards with Answers on Chapter 11

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Collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data

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Database

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Collection of unprocessed items Text Numbers Images Audio Video

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Data

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Processed data Organized Meaningful Useful

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Information

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-create a computerized database - add, modify, and delete data -sort retrieve data - create forms and reports from the data

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Database Software (also called Database Management System DBMS)

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reflects the quality of the data

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Data Integrity

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The more____the data contains, the lower its integrity

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errors

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Valuable information should have the following characteristics:

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-accurate - accesible -cost effective -organized -timely -verifiable -useful

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__ is organized in layers

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Data

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Data layers:

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Files, records, fields, characters

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A ___ is one byte

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Character

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Numbers, letters, space, punctuation marks, or other symbols

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Characters

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A field is a combination of one or more related characters:

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-field name -field size - data type

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A __ is a group of related fields

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record

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A ____ is a field that uniquely identifies each record

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primary key

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A ___ is a collection of related records

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data file

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___ refers to the procedures that keep data current (adding records, modifying records, deleting records)

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File maintenance

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Users add new records to a file when they obtain

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new data

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When a record no longer is needed, a user deletes it from a

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file

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___ compares data with a set of rules or values to find out if the data is correct

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Validation

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-Each department has its own set of files -Have data redundancy -Isolate data

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File Processing System

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A ___ contains data about each file in the database and each field in those files

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data dictionary

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A ___ provides several tools that allow users and programs to retrieve and maintain data in the database

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DBMS

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A ___ consists of simple, English-like statements that allow users to specify the data to display, print, store, update, or delete

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query language

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___ is a popular query language that allows users to manage, update, and retrieve data Many DBMSs provide tools to guide nontechnical users through the steps of creating a query

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Structured Query Language (SQL)

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Most DBMSs include ____, a feature that has a graphical user interface to assist users with retrieving data

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query by example (QBE)

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A__ is a window on the screen that provides areas for entering or modifying data in a database

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form

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A ____ allows users to design a report on the screen, retrieve data into the report design, and then display or print the report

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report writer

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A __ provides means to ensure that only authorized users access data

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DBMS

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A __ defines how users view the organization of the data

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data model

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A ___ stores data in tables that consist of rows and columns

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relational database

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Each __has a primary key

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row

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Each __ has a unique name

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column

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A __ is a link within the data

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relationship

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An___ stores data in objects

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object-oriented database (OODB)

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A ___ can store data in more than two dimensions of data

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multidimensional database

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multidimensional database is also known as a

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hypercube

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Can consolidate data much faster than a relational database

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multidimensional databases

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A____ is a huge database that stores and manages the data required to analyze historical and current transactions

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data warehouse

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___ and administrators are responsible for managing and coordinating all database activities

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Database analysts

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Decides on proper placement of fields, defines data relationship, and identifies users' access privileges

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Database Analyst (DA)

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Creates and maintains the data dictionary, manages security of the database, monitors the performance of the database, and checks backup and recovery procedures

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Database Administrator DBA

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An ___ is a set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce information

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information system

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____ integrates MRP II with the information flow across an organization to manage and coordinate the ongoing activities of the enterprise, including product planning, manufacturing and distribution, accounting and finance, sales, human resources, and customer support

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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

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A ___allows for storage and management of a company's documents, such as word processing documents, presentations, and spreadsheets

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document management system (DMS)

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A ___ enables and manages the publishing, modification, organization, and access of various forms of documents and other files, including media and webpages, on a network or the web

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content management system (CMS)

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A ___ is an information system that captures and processes data from day-to-day business activities

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transaction processing system (TPS)

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A ___ is an information system that generates accurate, timely, and organized information, so that managers and other users can make decisions, solve problems, supervise activities, and track progress

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management information system (MIS)

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A ___ helps users analyze information and make decisions

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decision support system (DSS)

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An ___ is an information system that captures and stores the knowledge of human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision making

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expert system

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the application of human intelligence to computers

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AI

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AI:

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Artificial Intelligence

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A back up plan where changes are backed up as they are made

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Continuous Backup

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specifies the kind of data a field can contain and how the filed is used

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data type

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or copy, of the entire database should be made on a regular basis

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backup

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the process of determining the organization of a database

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database design

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DBMS:

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Database management system

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helps users analyze information and make decisions

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DSS

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DSS:

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Decision Support System

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uniquely identifies each field

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Field Name

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a listing of activities that modify the contents of the database

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Log

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an item that contains data, as well as the actions that read or process the data

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object

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a request for specific data from the database

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query

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uses logs and or backups and either a roll forward or a rollback technique to restore a database when it becomes damaged or destroyed

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Recovery Utility

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ensures that users enter only alphabetic data into a field

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Alphabetic Check

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a relational database refers to a field as an

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attribute

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a relational database refers to a record as an

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tuple

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an application that supports a front-end program sometimes is called the

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back end

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in a roll back also called a ___, the DBMS uses the log to undo any changes made to the database during a certain period

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backward recovery

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with, ___ the computer collects data over time and processes all transactions later, as a group

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Batch Processing

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describes the widespread growth of data, the variety of formats in which this data is available and the processing required to make this data accessible in a timely manner

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Big Data

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BLOB:

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Binary Large Object

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where users store and share photos, videos, recordings, and other personal media with other registered users

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Collaborative Databases

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in some tables, the primary key consists of multiple fields called a

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composite key

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aids in the development and testing of product designs, and often includes CAD

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CAE

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CAE:

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Computer-aided Engineering

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controls production equipment, such as drills, lathes, and milling machines

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CAM

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CAM:

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Computer-aided engineering

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manages information about customers, past purchases, interests, and the day-to-day interactions, (like phone calls)

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CRM

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CRM:

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Customer Relationship Management

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a smaller version of a data warehouse is the

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data mart

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data warehouses use a process called __ to find patterns and relationships among data

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data mining

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Is a value that the DBMS initially displays in a field

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Default Value

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the data in a ___ exists in many separate locations throughout a network or the internet

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Distributed Database

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could include interest rates, population trends, costs of new housing construction,or raw material pricing

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external sources

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is an attribute in on e entity that exists in another entity as a primary key

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Foreign Key

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in a rollfoward also called a __ the DBMS uses the log to reenter changes made to the database since the last save or back up.

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forward recovery

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a program that generally has a more user-friendly interface than the DBMS

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Front End

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occurs when a company uses the technology intended for one purpose for another

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function creep

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GIS:

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Geographic Information System

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HRIS:

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Human Resources Information System

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Are a set of logical judgments that are applied to the knowledge base each time a user describes a situation to the expert system

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Inference Rules

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___ of data might include databases, sales orders, MRP MRPII results, inventory records, financial data etc.

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internal sources

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MRP:

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Material Requirements Planning

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MRP II:

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Material Requirements Planning II (an extension of I)

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because the data dictionary contains details about data, some call it

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metadata

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A query language used to manipulate and retrieve data

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OQL

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OQL:

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Object Query Language

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ORD:

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Object Relational Database

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OLAP:

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Online Analytical Processing

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where user's access privileges are limited to the lowest level necessary to perform required tasks

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Principle of least Privilege Policy

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reporter writer is also called a

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report generator

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a data dictionary is sometimes called a

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repository

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SFA:

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Salesforce Automation

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consolidates data usually with totals, tables, or graphs, so that managers can review it quick and easily

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summary report

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A __ check tests data in two or more associated fields to ensure that the relationship is logical and their data is in the correct format

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Consistency

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Which of the following is not an advantage of a database approach

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Requires less memory/ storage

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A developer of a relational database refers to a file as a

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relation

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An __ database stores data in objects

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Object-oriented

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With __, the computer processes each transaction as it is entered

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Online transaction Processing

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A __ report usually lists just transactions

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detailed

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In an expert system, the __ is the combined subject knowledge and experiences of the human expert

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knowledge base

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