Chapter 10 – Aggression – Flashcards
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aggression
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physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone
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hostile aggression
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aggression driven by anger, goal is to injure
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instrumental aggression
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aggression that aims to injure, but is a means to some other end/goal ex - parent spanking their child, bullying
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antisocial aggression
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aggressive acts that violate commonly accepted social norms, can take forms of hostile or instrumental aggression
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prosocial aggression
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aggressive actions that support commonly accepted social norms, acts of law enforcement ex - officers using appropriate levels of force
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sanctioned aggression
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aggression that is permissible according to the norms of the individual's social group, between antisocial and prosocial, do not violate excepted moral standards ex - a coach yelling at a sports team
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example of prosocial aggression
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officers using appropriate levels of force
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example of sanctioned aggression
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a coach yelling at a sports team
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frustration-aggression theory
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theory that frustration triggers a readiness to aggress
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relative deprivation
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perception that one is less well-off than others ex - getting a 5% increase at your job, later to find out that everyone else got a 10% increase - comparing yourself to others, leading to frustration
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aversive incidents
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pain, heat, being attacked, and crowding causes people to become more aggressive
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social learning theory
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the theory that we learn social behavior by observing/imitating and by being rewarded and punished ex - terrorists can scare millions by kidnapping a few individuals
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observational learning
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we learn by first-hand experience, by also by vicarious learning ex - children are 3x more likely to drink/smoke when they see their parents doing so
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frustration
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the blocking of goal-directed behavior
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displacement
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redirection of aggression to a target other than that of frustration, usually a more safer and socially acceptable target ex - get mad at your boss, so you kick the dog
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Which of the following is an example of aggression as it is defined in the text?
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Luisa urges her classmates not to vote for Marcy for dormitory senator, citing some rumors about Marcy's social life.
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A study of brain activity in the prefrontal cortex of murderers found:
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less activity than normal.
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A person kicking the wall after losing a game of poker
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example of displacement
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In a revision of the frustration-aggression theory, Berkowitz emphasized the importance of:
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anger, an emotional readiness to aggress.
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In a famous experiment by Albert Bandura and his colleagues, children watched an adult attack a Bobo doll with a mallet. They were then shown some toys that they were forbidden to play with. When they were taken to another room, they:
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attacked a Bobo doll.
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In relation to aggression, the most studied environmental irritant is:
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heat
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According to Gentile and Anderson (2003), "The scientific debate over whether media violence has an effect _______."
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is basically over
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According to Anderson (2003), playing violent games might have a more toxic effect than watching violent television because:
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players play the role of a violent character.
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The near consensus among social psychologists is that:
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viewing or participating in violence fails to produce catharsis.
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Which of the following illustrates prosocial aggression?
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A soldier who obeys her commanding officer to shoot an enemy during combat
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It is near consensus among social psychologists today that catharsis:
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has not been shown to be effective
