question

1. Structuralism emphasizes __________. a. individual differences b. the application of biological principles to the mind c. the influence of subconscious urges on conscious behavior d. the basic units of experience and their combinations

answer

D

question

2. Wertheimer was associated with __________ psychology. a. functionalist b. psychoanalytic c. Gestalt d. existential

answer

C

question

3. John Watson was the founder of the school of thought that became known as __________. a. functionalism b. structuralism c. behaviorism d. humanism

answer

C

question

4. The first psychology laboratory was founded by __________. a. Wundt b. James c. Titchener d. Watson

answer

A

question

5. B. F. Skinner is associated with __________. a. psychodynamic psychology b. behaviorism c. Gestalt psychology d. existentialism

answer

B

question

6. Freud was the founder of __________. a. existential psychology b. behavioral psychology c. psychoanalysis d. behaviorism

answer

C

question

7. A young man reads in a letter that he has just won $1,000 in a state-wide lottery and he literally jumps for joy. Which neurons are sending messages from his brain to his legs ordering them to jump? a. sensory neurons b. motor neurons c. interaction neurons d. association neurons

answer

B

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8. In the late 20th century, psychology __________. a. expanded dramatically b. stagnated c. contracted slightly d. contracted dramatically

answer

A

question

9. Like Watson, Skinner believed that psychology should study only __________. a. mental processes b. perceptions c. elements of thought d. observable behavior

answer

D

question

10. By general agreement, psychology was born in __________. a. 1642 b. 1853 c. 1879 d. 1906

answer

C

question

11. Freud's theories differed radically from the views of his predecessors because of __________. a. its extensive use of laboratory research to support its claims b. the emphasis it placed on Eastern philosophies and culture c. the emphasis it placed on unconscious processes d. its emphasis on environmental learning as the source for most personality characteristics

answer

C

question

12. The first psychology laboratory was opened by __________. a. Wundt b. James c. Titchener d. Watson

answer

A

question

13. Titchener was a member of the ___________school of thought. a. structuralists b. functionalist c. behaviorist d. reductionist

answer

A

question

14. The school of thought that became known as behaviorism was founded by __________. a. Watson b. Titchener c. James d. Wundt

answer

A

question

15. Wertheimer was associated with the _____________ school. a. functionalist b. psychoanalytic c. Gestalt d. behaviorist

answer

C

question

16. Freud believed that many unconscious desires are: a. the result of excessive punishment. b. by-products of introspection. c. the result of excessive reinforcement. d. sexual in nature.

answer

D

question

17. As a science, psychology is approximately how old? a. 50 years b. 125 years c. 175 years d. 2500 years since the field dates back to the ancient Greeks

answer

B

question

18. Modern psychology is said to have begun when: a. Greek philosophers began studying the differences between people. b. Wundt opened the first laboratory devoted to the scientific study of psychology. c. Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and therapy. d. it was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical basis.

answer

B

question

19. The psychological school that asks, "What are mental processes for?" rather than "What are mental processes?" is which of the following? a. structuralism b. functionalism c. humanism d. Gestalt

answer

B

question

20. Which of the following is NOT associated with Gestalt psychology? a. Koffka b. James c. Wertheimer d. Kohler

answer

B

question

21. The psychologist John Watson is associated with the _______ school of psychology and argued that psychology must concern itself only with ________. a. behavioral; behavior b. behavioral; mental processes c. cognitive; thought and action d. cognitive; behavior

answer

A

question

22. Which of the following does NOT fit with the other three? a. Wundt b. 1879 c. functionalism d. introspection

answer

C

question

23. Studying the elements of sensations, feelings, and images is most directly associated with which school of psychology? a. structuralism b. functionalism c. behaviorism d. humanism

answer

A

question

24. The primary method of investigation used by structuralists was: a. natural observation. b. dream interpretation. c. analytic introspection. d. experimentation.

answer

C

question

25. The founder of behaviorism is: a. James. b. Skinner. c. Watson. d. Wundt.

answer

C

question

26. Psychology is said to have begun when a. medicine was seen to be ineffective in treating neurosis. b. Wilhelm Wundt started the first psychological laboratory . c. Sigmund Freud opened his private practice in Vienna. d. it was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical.

answer

B

question

27. Scientific psychology is formally recognized to have begun: a. in Greece, with the work of Hippocrates. b. in the United States, with the work of James. c. in Austria, with the work of Freud. d. in Germany, with the work of Wundt.

answer

D

question

28. The first psychology laboratory was opened by _________. a. Wundt b. James c. Titchener d. Watson

answer

A

question

29. Skinner is associated with __________. a. structuralism b. behaviorism c. Gestalt psychology d. existentialism

answer

B

question

30. For Freud, much of our behavior is controlled by __________. a. unconscious desires b. environmental stimuli c. mental Gestalts d. mental associations

answer

A

question

31. The school of thought that became known as behaviorism was founded by __________. a. Watson b. Titchener c. James d. Wundt

answer

A

question

32. Watson felt that psychologists should study __________. a. consciousness b. observable behavior c. mental imagery d. elements of thought

answer

B

question

33. Behaviorist J. B. Watson objected to early theories of psychology because of their focus on: a. evolution. b. science. c. mental processes. d. physical processes.

answer

C

question

34. Psychologists should only study observable behavior, according to __________. a. Freud b. Titchener c. Galton d. Watson

answer

D

question

35. John Watson was a behaviorist who argued that the science of psychology must concern itself only with a. experiences as whole units. b. observable events. c. unconscious mental processes. d. early childhood experiences.

answer

B

question

36. Which of the following is associated with Gestalt psychology? a. Skinner b. Werheimer c. James d. Jones

answer

B

question

37. The psychologist John Watson is associated with the _______ school of psychology and argued that psychology must concern itself only with _______. a. behavioral; behavior b. behavioral; mental processes c. cognitive; thought and action d. cognitive; behavior

answer

A

question

38. B. F. Skinner is most closely associated with which school of psychology? a. cognitive b. humanistic c. functionalism d. behaviorism

answer

D

question

39. Which school of psychology assumes that human activity cannot be broken down into separate units for analysis but must be evaluated as wholes? a. humanism b. Gestalt c. functionalism d. behaviorism

answer

B

question

40. Which one of the following psychologists was responsible for originating the behavioral school of psychology? a. Pavlov b. Watson c. Skinner d. Rayner

answer

B

question

41. B. F. Skinner is most closely associated with which school of psychology? a. cognitive b. humanistic c. functionalism d. behaviorism

answer

D

question

42. Wundt is to structuralism as _______ is to psychoanalysis. a. Freud b. Watson c. Rogers d. Maslow

answer

A

question

43. Watson is to behaviorism as _______ is to psychoanalysis. a. Freud b. James c. Skinner d. Wundt

answer

A

question

44. A group of psychologists study how adults change and grow, both psychologically and physiologically, as they age. These psychologists are most like ___________. a. personality psychologists b. social psychologists c. organizational psychologists d. developmental psychologists

answer

D

question

45. After more than a year in Iranian prisons, 52 American hostages were released by Iran's revolutionary government and allowed to return to the United States. Of the following professionals,___________ psychologists would probably have LEAST professional interest in that event. a. counseling b. clinical c. social d. experimental

answer

D

question

46. Which of the following is the correct order which psychologists use in studying a particular behavior? a. describe, explain, predict, control b. explain, describe, predict, control c. predict, describe, explain, control d. describe, predict, explain, control

answer

A

question

47. Naturalistic observation is ____________________. a. re-creating natural conditions in the laboratory as closely as possible to make an experiment more valid b. studying behavior in its natural context c. basically the same process as objective introspection d. observing behavior in the lab without taking formal notes or using technological equipment to measure the experiment findings

answer

B

question

48. Each day in class, Dr. Helms explains to his students that they are wonderful whether they are academic successes or failures. He also points out that each individual consciously chooses to attend class and study and that these choices dramatically affect whether one is academically successful. Dr. Helms is most likely a _______ psychologist. a. psychoanalytic b. humanistic c. behavioral d. Gestalt

answer

B

question

49. Which of the following types of psychologists is most prepared to help a person who hears voices and believes she is Joan of Arc? a. forensic b. counseling c. school d. clinical

answer

D

question

50. Steve, a college sophomore, is seeing a psychologist because of his intense fear of people. His counselor feels that Steve's fear is a product of unresolved conflicts about his parents, and his childhood experiences with them. Steve's therapist is most characteristic of which school of psychology? a. behaviorism b. psychoanalytic c. humanistic d. Gestalt

answer

B

question

51. Which of the following assumptions associated with the psychoanalytic school produced the strongest negative reaction? a. Psychology, as therapy, is more philosophical than scientific. b. All human behavior is a product of one's experiences. c. Humans are basically good. d. All humans, including infants, have sexual motivations and drives.

answer

D

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