Change Management: Chapter 5 – Flashcards
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innovation
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the process by which an organization generates new ideas and converts them into new products, business practices, and strategies that create shareholder value.
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The Six I's of Innovation
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inspiration, imagination, ideas, insight, invention, implementation
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inspiration
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The creative impulse that drives our imagination and makes it fertile. Establish an organizational culture of openness, risk-taking, and playfulness.
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imagination
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Our capacity to look beyond the current state and envision fresh possibilities. Expose the organization to external thinking and different creative stimuli.
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ideas
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The formulation of our original thinking. Avoid negativity; celebrate originality.
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insight
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The clear perception of the inner nature of a problem or complex situation. Develop multiple ways of problem-solving: brainstorming, reverse engineering, etc.
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invention
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The conversion of our new ideas into tangible new products and services.Remove organizational barriers to rapid prototyping and product development.
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implementation
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The successful introduction of the products of our inventiveness to the marketplace.
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Rogers' Innovation Diffusion Model
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a model that seeks to analyze why and how innovations become popular in a community. When society adopts the innovation it reaches its "critical mass," which means that its diffusion will inevitably continue on its own. This occurs when the population shifts from regarding an innovation as experimental to considering it the standard.
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Stages of the Adoption Process: knowledge
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People become aware that the technology exists. In the beginning awareness is spread primarily through media channels.
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Stages of the Adoption Process: Persuasion
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Individuals are interested in the innovation. They examine information (either independently or presented by a persuader). Individuals consider who is already using the innovation and social channels are increasingly important.
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Stages of the Adoption Process: Decision
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Individuals consider the evidence, weigh the options, and make a decision.
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Stages of the Adoption Process: Implementation
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The decision on adoption is not yet final. Adopters employ the innovation and look for more information as to how to make use of it effectively and in what capacity.
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Stages of the Adoption Process: confirmation
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Adopters decide whether to continue using the innovation.
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Three types of innovation
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incremental, semi-radical, and radical innovation
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incremental innovation
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builds upon existing knowledge and resources within a given company. Can be seen as an exercise in problem solving.
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Semi-radical innovation
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involves a "substantial change to either the business model or technology of an organization—but not to both. Examples of companies that have employed semi-radical innovation are Dell, Wal-Mart, Novartis, and Apple Computer.
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radical innovation
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represents a significant change that affects both the business model and the technology of a company,
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X-Prize foundation
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non-profit organization that seeks radical innovation "for the benefit of humanity."
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Four stages of the creative process
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preparation, incubation, illumination, and execution
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Push the agenda
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Make creativity and innovation a subject in company communication, newsletters, and strategic discussions.
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be forgiving
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Give staffers permission to make creative mistakes. Make it clear that failing isn't the worst thing—not trying is!
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make it a priority
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Budget time and money for creative efforts.
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invite the outside in
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Stimulate creativity through training, outside speakers, and other opportunities to expose staff to external thinking and ideas.
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hire across industries
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Look for some of your new staff hires in different industries or professions for a much needed fresh perspective.
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discourage negativity
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Discourage negativity and not-invented-here thinking.
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be patient
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Resist pressure for immediate and significant results from creativity efforts..Give new ideas time to develop and grow properly.
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cut the red tape
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Protect creative ideas from the organization's bureaucracy.
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give rewards
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Reward creative individuals and creative teams.
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follow through
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Develop a process to push creative ideas and projects through to completion.
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skunk works
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a place designed to encourage the employees of large organizations to generate original ideas and innovation
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a culture that impedes creativity
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Team or group leaders must buffer the group from negativity and find support from idea champions for innovative thinking.
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stifling team dynamics
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Team or group leaders must insure that the environment is open to creativity. Leaders can empower team leaders by promoting creativity and innovation as a key organization value.
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an over reliance on analytical thinking
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Team or group leaders must constantly encourage the use of lateral or divergent thinking, avoiding the too-quick judgment of new ideas.
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divergent thinking
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the explicit attempt to put dominant ideas or conventional wisdom to the side and focus on generating alternatives without immediate evaluation
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group think
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the practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility.
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Abilene paradox
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the phenomenon of a group reaching a decision that few, if any, of the members would have chosen themselves
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Ten tips for team leaders to ignite creativity
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Change your physical surroundings, take a break, surround the team with new and different creative inputs, seek fresher perspectives, do more research, work backwards, imitate, mindmapping or lists of ideas, employ deadline pressure to spur idea generation, adopt a rough draft mentality
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brainstorming
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a general data gathering and creativity technique that can be used to identify risks, ideas, or solutions to issues by using a group of team members or subject matter experts.
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braindrawing
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a variation of brainstorming that employs drawing or doodling
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discussion 66
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a technique that helps larger groups to brainstorm more effectively. the group is divided into subgroups or smaller teams of six people, with one team member designated as leader and another as note-taker. Each team then has six minutes to devise a solution to a problem; the note-taker records the solution.
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anonymous idea generation
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In collective problem solving, it often serves the group's purpose to keep anonymous the identity of members who originated individual ideas. This can remove team or group member inhibitions about voicing controversial or unpopular ideas.
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nominal group technique (NGT)
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a collaborative strategy that helps parties reach consensus by ranking and voting on several proposed choices
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Edward de Bono's Lateral thinking and provocation
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a creativity technique that rejects traditional methods and employs unorthodox and apparently illogical means
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Provocation technique
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a creativity technique developed by Edward de Bono that introduces radical or provocative statements meant to provoke fresh thinking and generate new ideas.
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scamper
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a technique developed by Bob Eberle that can be useful for thinking about improving existing products or services. Substitute, combine, adapt, modify, put to use, eliminate, reverse
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healthy debate
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identifying differences within the team to achieve a common understanding of all perspectives embodied by the team. Having team members paraphrase each others' ideas. Inviting constructive face-to-face feedback
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idea champion
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an individual who recognizes value of an innovative idea and lends organizational authority and resources to develop and execute innovation
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idea orchestrator
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an individual who recognizes value of idea and manages it through the organizations political process
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idea generator
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generates creative ideas of value to the organization
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idea incubator
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an in-house program or center shielded from corporate bureaucracy and interference that is meant to engage in futuristic thinking and to develop new ideas. An idea incubator ideally becomes a place where employees can forward unconventional ideas and projects
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new venture team
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a unit that is separate from the main organization enterprise and is tasked with developing and executing a significant innovation.
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corporate venture capital
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in which a large company funds startups—requires patience, strong support from top executives, and the freedom to experience losses as well as gains.
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open innovation
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when organizations pursue both external and internal ideas and innovate and collaborate with partners by sharing risk and reward.
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closed innovation
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when an organization does all of their own research internally and keeps its innovative ideas as proprietary intellectual property.
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public sector innovation advantages
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improve service, increase public value,improve response to citizens and customers reduce costs
