Ch.8 Hematology- Medical Terminology – Flashcards
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blood
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the fluid found inside of blood vessels
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plasma
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approx. 55% of blood is this watery fluid
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glucose, amino acids, hormones, and electrolytes
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dissolutions in the plasma
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formed elements
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the remaining 45% of blood; cells or cell fragments floating in the plasma; 3 types of formed elements include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
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erythrocytes
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red blood cells; contain hemoglobin (protein that transports oxygen)
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leukocytes
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white blood cells; provide protection against pathogens (there are 5 specialized types: neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes)
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platelets
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formerly called thrombocytes; small platelike fragments of a larger cell and initiate hemostasis
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hemostasis
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blood clotting process
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hematopoiesis
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process where all of the formed elements are produced in red bone marrow
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hematology
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the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the blood and blood-forming tissues
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hematologist
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specializes in the treatment of bleeding disorders, cancers of the blood-forming tissues, and anemia as well as in interpreting blood tests and the science of blood transfusions
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bas/o
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base
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coagul/o
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clotting
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eosin/o
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rosy red
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erythr/o
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red
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hem/o
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blood
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hemat/o
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blood
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lymph/o
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lymph
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leuk/o
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white
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neutr/o
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neutral
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thromb/o
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clot
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cyt/o
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cell
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embol/o
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plug
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glyc/o
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sugar
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lip/o
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fat
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path/o
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disease
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phleb/o
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vein
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septic/o
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infection
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-cyte
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cell
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-cytosis
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abnormal cell condition (too many)
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-ectomy
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surgical removal
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-emia
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blood condition
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-globin
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protein
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-ia
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condition
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-ic
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pertaining to
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-logist
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one who studies
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-logy
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study of
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-lysis
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destruction
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-lytic
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destruction
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-meter
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instrument for measuring
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-metry
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process for measuring
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-oma
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mass
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-osis
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abnormal condition
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-otomy
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cutting into
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-penia
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too few
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-phil
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attracted to
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-plasm
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formation
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-poiesis
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formation
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-rrhage
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bursting forth
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-stasis
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stopping
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-tic
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pertaining to
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a-
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without
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an-
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without
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anti-
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against
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auto-
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self
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hyper-
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excessive
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hypo-
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insufficient
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mono-
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one
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pan-
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all
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poly-
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many
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clot
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a hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is end result of hemostasis or blood clotting process
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anemia
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group of blood disorders involving either a reduction in number of circulating erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells; results in decreased oxygen delivery to tissues
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anticoagulant
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any substance that prevents clot formation
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aplastic anemia
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severe form of anemia caused by loss of functioning red bone marrow; results in decrease in number of all blood cells; may require bone marrow transplant
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autotransfusion
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collecting and storing one's own blood to use to replace blood lost during surgery
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blood culture and sensitivity (C&S)
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blood specimen incubated to check for bacterial growth; if bacteria are present, they are identified and best antibiotic treatment is determined
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blood transfusion
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transfer of blood from one person to another
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bone marrow aspiration
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removal of small sample of bone marrow by needle and examined for diseases such as leukemia or aplastic anemia
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bone marrow transplant (BMT)
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patient receives red bone marrow donation after own bone marrow is destroyed by radiation or chemotherapy
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coagulate
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formation of blood clot
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complete blood count (CBC)
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comprehensive blood test that includes red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), white blood cell differential, and platelet count
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embolus
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commonly called floating clot; usually piece of thrombus breaks away and floats through bloodstream until it lodges in a smaller blood vessel and blocks blood flow
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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blood test that measures rate at which red blood cells settle out of blood to form sediment in bottom of test tube; indicates presence of inflammatory disease
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hematocrit
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blood test that measures volume of red blood cells within total volume of blood
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hematoma
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blood collection under skin by escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessel; commonly called bruise
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hemoglobin
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blood test that measures amount of hemoglobin present in given volume of blood
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hemophilia
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inherited lack of a vital clotting factor; results in almost complete inability to stop bleeding
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iron-deficiency anemia
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anemia resulting when there is not enough iron to build hemoglobin for red blood cells
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leukemia
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cancer of leukocyte-forming red bone marrow; patient has large number of abnormal and immature leukocytes circulating in blood
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pernicious anemia (PA)
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anemia resulting when digestive system absorbs insufficient amount of vitamin b12; vitamin b12 is necessary for erythrocytes production
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phlebotomy
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removal of blood specimen from vein for laboratory tests; also called venipuncture
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platelet count
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blood test that determines number of platelets in given volume of blood
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polycythemia vera
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condition characterized by too many erythrocytes; blood becomes too thick to flow easily through blood vessels
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prothrombin time
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blood test that measures how long it takes for clot to form after prothrombin, a blood clotting protein, is activated
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red blood cell count
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blood test that determines number of erythrocytes in volume of blood; decrease may indicate anemia; increase may indicate polycythemia vera
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septicemia
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presence of bacteria or their toxins in bloodstreams; commonly called blood poisoning
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sequential multiple analyzer computer (SMAC)
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machine that performs multiple blood chemistry tests automatically
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serum
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blood that has had formed elements and clotting factors removed
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sickle cell anemia
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inherited blood cell disorder in which erythrocytes take on an abnormal curved or "sickle" shape; cells are fragile and easily damaged resulting in anemia; occurs almost exclusively in persons of African descent
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thalassemia
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inherited blood disorder in which body is unable to correctly make hemoglobin, resulting in anemia
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thrombolytic therapy
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administering medication to dissolve blood clot and restore normal circulation
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white blood cell count (WBC)
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blood test that determines number of leukocytes in volume of blood; increase may indicate infection or leukemia; decrease my be caused by some diseases, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy
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white blood cell differential
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blood test determines number of each type of leukocyte
