Ch 7 Industrial Revolution definitions – Flashcards
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Anesthetic
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Drug that prevents pain during surgery
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Enclosure
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The process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers
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James Watt
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A scottish engineer
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Smelt
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to Seperate iron from its ore
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Capital
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money used to invest in enterprises
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Enterprise
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A buisness or organization in an area such as shipping, mining, railroads or factories
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Entrepreneurs
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Those who managed and assumed the financial risks of starting new buisnesses
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Putting out system
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Cottage industry in which raw cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread and then wove the thread into cloth in their own homes
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Eli Whitney
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Invention of a machine called the cotton gin, that seperated the seeds from the raw cotton at a fast rate
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Turnpikes
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Private roads built by entrepreneurs who charged travelers a toll, or fee to use them
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Liverpool/Manchester
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The world's first major rail line was built here in 1830
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Urbanization
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The movement of people to cities
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Tenements
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Multistory buildings divided into apartments
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Labor unions
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Workers' organizations, that were illegal the the time
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Jeremy Bentham
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advocated utilitarianism,
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Utilitarianism
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The idae that the goal of society should be ''the greatest happiness for the greatest number''
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Socialism
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A radical solution to end poverty and injustice
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means of production
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Farms, factories, railways and other large buisnesses that produced and distributed goods
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Robert Owen
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Man who set up a model community in New landark, scotland to put his own ideas in to practice
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Karl Marx
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A german philosopher, condemned the ideas of the Utopians as unrealistic idealism
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Communism
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Reffered to as a system in which the government leads a small elite controlled by all economic and political life
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Proletariat
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A working class
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Social Democracy
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A political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism instead of a sudden violent overthrow of the system
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Iron Bridge
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Built in 1779 by Abraham Darby III
