Ch. 3: The Molecules of Cells – Flashcards
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How do these hydrocarbons differ?
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One of these hydrocarbons is longer than the other.
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How do these hydrocarbons differ?
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One of these hydrocarbons is branched.
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How do these hydrocarbons differ?
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One of these hydrocarbons has a double bond.
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How do these hydrocarbons differ?
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One of these hydrocarbons has a ring structure.
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How many hydrogen atoms can be attached to carbon A?
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3 because it already has one
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How many hydrogen atoms can be attached to carbon B?
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1 because it already has three
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These two molecules are structural isomers. What is the difference between them?
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the location of a double-bonded oxygen atom
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Organic compounds
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always contain carbon
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Propanol and isopropanol are isomers. This means that they have
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the same molecular formula but different chemical properties.
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A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is
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phospholipids
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Which of the following statements about the functional groups of organic compounds is false?
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All functional groups include a carbon atom.
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Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group?
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amino acid
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In a hydrolysis reaction, __________. In this process, water is __________.
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a polymer breaks up to form monomers ... consumed
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Dehydration reactions __________. They do so by __________.
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link monomers to form a polymer; removing a water molecule
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The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of
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CH2O
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When two monosaccharides link to form a disaccharide, the by-product is __________.
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water
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Glycogen is _____.
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a polysaccharide found in animals
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glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____.
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maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis
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Which of these is a source of lactose?
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milk
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Which of these is a polysaccharide?
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cellulose
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_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.
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Cellulose
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The presence of many C-C and C-H bonds causes fats to be ...
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-rich in energy
-insoluble in water
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In fat synthesis,________and fatty acids combine to make fats plus________.
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glycerol; water
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In the reaction that builds a fat,________ groups react with ________ groups.
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hydroxyl; carboxyl
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Triglycerides vary with respect to the number of ...
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- C atoms in the tails.
- double bonds in the tails.
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A food company hydrogenated a barrel of fat. The treatment ...
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made the fat less fluid.
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The most unsaturated fats have ...
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the most double bonds.
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What do DNA, proteins, and fats have in common?
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They contain carbonyl groups.
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An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by
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adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.
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Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride molecules is false?
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Triglycerides are hydrophilic.
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Which of these is NOT a lipid?
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RNA
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A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role _____.
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as a component of animal cell membranes
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This animation illustrates the functioning of a _____ protein.
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transport
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Which of these does NOT contain a structural protein?
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ovalbumin
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Defensive proteins are manufactured by the _____ system.
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immune
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Which of the following characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured?
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the number of amino acids in the protein
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Which of these functional groups is found in all amino acids?
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C-NH2
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How many different kinds of amino acids are there in most proteins?
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20
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Peptide bonds
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link amino acids.
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What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure?
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peptide
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The secondary structure of a protein results from _____.
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hydrogen bonds
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Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____.
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peptide bonds
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A protein containing more than one polypeptide chain exhibits the ________ level of protein structure.
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quaternary
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If a strand of DNA has the nitrogen base sequence 5'-ATTTGC-3', what will be the sequence of the matching strand?
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3'-TAAACG-5'
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If a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain?
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75
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The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by _____ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases.
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hydrogen bonds
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A nucleotide is composed of a(n) _____.
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phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar
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A DNA nucleotide is composed of a __________.
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deoxyribose sugar, which is bonded to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
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Which of the following options correctly pairs a polymer and its monomer?
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DNA, nucleotides
