Home Page Arts And Humanities Music Ethnomusicology ch 28-30 - Flashcard

ch 28-30 – Flashcard

Adam Howard

27 October 2021

question

Contemporary composers represent a wide range of stylistic approaches that include traditionalists as well as modernists

answer

True

question

Although some modern works are contemporary versions of well-established and long-appreciated music styles, the date of a composition is still the most reliable indication of a composer's stylistic ideals.

answer

False

question

composers share the conviction that Western music should evolve in an orderly and logical manner

answer

Mainstream

question

No single composer leads a specific movement identified as the dominant style of contemporary music

answer

True

question

Modal writing and references to Gregorian chant are just two examples of a renewed interest in __________ music among some twentieth-century composers

answer

Medieval

question

Two works that illustrate the use of Medieval concepts are Benjamin Britten's A Ceremony of Carols and Carl Orff's

answer

Carmina Burana

question

A group of French composers who embraced popular music, jazz, and theater music as an alternative to the "serious" artistic movements of the modern period were called

answer

Les Six

question

The members of "Les Six" included all of the following except

answer

Carl Orff

question

The light, satirical style of __________, who wrote attractive and witty compositions with absurd, surrealistic titles such as Three Pieces in the Form of a Pear, pointed the way for other French composers

answer

Darius Milhaud

question

Like Webern, Milhaud lessened the effect of harsh dissonances by combining voices of unlike timbres and thereby encouraged linear rather than "chordal" listening

answer

True

question

In his search for new musical material upon which to base his compositions, Milhaud traveled widely, exploring the "exotic" sounds of jazz in America and of folk music in

answer

Brazil

question

Milhaud was first introduced to jazz in a Paris cafe, where he heard a traveling French jazz band perform.

answer

False

question

Milhaud wrote a number of pieces based upon jazz; one of the most attractive is his ballet

answer

La Creation du Monde.

question

Although nationalism was an important source of inspiration for Romantic composers in the late nineteenth century, in the modern era it has not been a significant factor in musical style

answer

False

question

The field of __________ is the scientific study of music

answer

musicology

question

The study of music of specific cultures is the science of

answer

ethnomusicology

question

For Bela Bartók, the folk music of __________ provided the most refreshing and provocative stimulus for the composition of art music.

answer

Eastern Europe

question

In addition to his talents as a composer and scholar, Bartók was also an accomplished

answer

pianist

question

Bartók's serious and scientific study of __________ music led him to become one of the first and finest ethnomusicolo

answer

folk

question

One of Bartók's early piano pieces, Allegro barbaro, has the narrow melodies, repetitive motives, and sharp, pounding rhythms associated with

answer

Primitivism

question

Bartók agreed with the Romantic composers who believed that the simple folk-song melodies were accompanied by the simplest chords

answer

False

question

Bartók's harmonic style included all of the following except

answer

total serialism

question

It has been suggested that Bartók was a composer of such stature as to rank with the three great "B's" of Western music; Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms.

answer

True

question

Bartók wrote the Mikrokosmos, a set of six __________ of graded difficulty

answer

piano books

question

Bartók's __________ are considered the finest since Beethoven's and are often compared with those of the late Viennese master for their strength and complexity.

answer

string quartets

question

Like many musicians of his day, Bela Bartók was fascinated with the new popular style called jazz, which he incorporated into many of his w

answer

False

question

In the early 1920s, __________ led the first generation of American composers determined to devote their professional lives to writing music

answer

Aaron Copland

question

An enormous influence on several generations of American composers, __________ was a gifted composition teacher who encouraged students to find their own, individual styles

answer

Nadia Boulanger

question

In the mid-1930s, Aaron Copland went through a change of style that included all of the following except

answer

) incorporating jazz elements into his music

question

In 1945, Copland won a Pulitzer Prize for his ballet, Fanfare for the Common Man, which was commissioned by the Martha Graham dance company, and eventually titled "Ballet for Martha

answer

False

question

Although many of George Gershwin's popular songs have become jazz standards, Gershwin himself is not considered a jazz musician or composer

answer

False

question

Gershwin bridged the gap between popular and art music by writing Rhapsody in Blue, which reflected the character of jazz and yet was acceptable to a "cultured" audience

answer

True

question

Gershwin composed the best known opera by an American composer

answer

Porgy and Bess

question

Although Arnold Schoenberg's twelve-tone music seems far removed from Gershwin's jazz-inspired works, the two composers were good friends and respected each other's work.

answer

True

question

The father of twentieth-century Neoclassicism is

answer

Igor Stravinsky

question

Stravinsky's ballet __________ is often cited as the first work in the Neoclassical style.

answer

Pulcinella

question

During the 1950s and 1960s, Stravinsky wrote several pieces based on Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique.

answer

True

question

Political, social, and economic problems during the second decade of the twentieth century led many composers to increase their tendency to use elaborate staging and grandiose conceptions of late Romantic works.

answer

False

question

During the two decades between World Wars I and II, a renewed interest in the music of Bach and Haydn developed, resulting in __________ overshadowing all other styles

answer

Neoclassism

question

Audiences were attracted to all of the following features of Neoclassical music except

answer

the massive sound of the expanded orchestra

question

Russian composers in the communist era were encouraged to write music

answer

none

question

Prokofiev's Symphony no. 1, the Classical, was intended to sound as if ________ had written it in the twentieth century

answer

Haydn

question

approached the composition of music more as a craft than as an art; he played many orchestral instruments well and therefore knew how to write effectively for them

answer

Paul Hindemith

question

The German word for Hindemith's concept of functional or useful music is

answer

Singspiel

question

J. S. Bach's music is often compared with Paul Hindemith's in regard to form, since Hindemith made skillful application of the fugue, the toccata, and the concerto grosso

answer

True

question

Hindemith's ideas about music included all of the following except

answer

atonality was the inevitable goal of Western music

question

Certain dissonances, a free adaptation of tonal principles, and nontraditional combinations of voices and instruments combined with an emotionally expressive style are all features of contemporary

answer

Neoromaticism

question

who was a singer before he became a composer, wrote songlike melody lines for his instrumental and vocal compositions, sensitive text settings, and expressive orchestration, making him one of the most appreciated contemporary composers

answer

Samuel Barber

question

Philip Glass has evolved a style of music which is sometimes referred to as

answer

Minimalism

question

Minimalism is a systematic repetition of short melodic and rhythmic phrases which gradually change over a period of time, evolving into slightly varied patterns

answer

True

question

Like Philip Glass, __________ is often referred to as a minimalist, but he provides exact notation and firm directions in his scores

answer

Steve Reich

question

The first African American composer of Western art music to achieve significant success was

answer

William Grant Still

question

All of the following facts are TRUE regarding William Grant Still except

answer

he was accepted as a serious composer from the beginning

question

Several of William Grant Still's works have specific Afro-American effects such as the use of the banjo in his Afro-American Symphony

answer

True

question

became the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music

answer

Ellen Taaffe Zwilich

question

Music and _______, intimately related in Western culture since the time of the Greeks, beautifully complement each other

answer

drama

question

The best-known of all American operas, Porgy and Bess, is filled with the characteristics sounds of

answer

folk music

question

studied in Paris with Nadia Boulanger and learned non-western drumming techniques by studying the Balinese gamelan

answer

Philip Glass

question

The five-hour-long, plotless opera, Einstein on the Beach, is unusual in its organization as well as its music

answer

True

question

As American enthusiasm for European products waned during World War I, a new and exciting new genre known as __________ evolved on the Broadway stage.

answer

musical comedy

question

The earliest great musical from Broadway was

answer

Show Boat

question

Leonard Bernstein's musical West Side Story is a modern retelling of Shakespeare's

answer

Romeo and Juliet

question

in which several characters express their individual points of view simultaneously, vividly illustrates the impact of the ensemble in music theater.

answer

ensemble finale

question

was a pianist, conductor, and composer who made significant contributions to the Broadway musical, most notably West Side Story

answer

Leonard Bernstein

question

The American composer of musicals introduced concept musicals, which intentionally leave audiences wondering about their meaning and resolution

answer

Stephen Sondheim

question

Andrew Lloyd Webber dominated the musical stage on Broadway and in London during the _____________.

answer

1980s and 90s

question

The music for a movie, called the ____________, builds a sense of continuity by filling awkward pauses in action or dialogue.

answer

film score

question

music emanates from a source, such as radio or TV within a movie, and is evident to the characters and audience alike.

answer

Diagetic

question

produced some of Hollywood's finest orchestral film scores, to movies such as Casablanca, King Kong, and Gone with the Wind

answer

Max Steiner

question

adapted the symphony orchestra for the modern recording studio in his scores for such disaster films as The Poseidon Adventure, Towering Inferno, and Jaws.

answer

John Williams

question

During the 1890s, a popular type of music that was based upon black traditions marked particularly important steps in the evolution of jazz. This type of music was

answer

ragtime

question

A pre-jazz style that utilizes a syncopated melody accompanied by a steady beat in the bass is called

answer

ragtime

question

Ragtime has the steady __________ meter of a military march

answer

duple

question

Many Europeans were introduced to ragtime by the traveling United States Marine Band led by

answer

John Philip Sousa

question

Claude Debussy was influenced by American ragtime

answer

True

question

Treemonisha was an opera by the American composer

answer

Scott Joplin

question

is remembered today as the King of Ragtime.

answer

Scott Joplin

question

is often referred to as America's only truly indigenous music, unique to her culture and influential upon others

answer

Jazz

question

Every style of jazz involves some degree of improvisation

answer

True

question

The organizing structure around which jazz musicians improvise is a chart of patterns called

answer

chord changes

question

Jazz harmony is always tonal

answer

False

question

Jazz is the result of a unique blending in America of African harmony and instrumentation with European rhythmic and melodic techniques

answer

False

question

All of the following are true of many jazz styles except

answer

jazz rhythms are generally regular and are simple to perform

question

evolved in the American South sometime after the Civil War, as newly emancipated blacks, struggling in a hostile environment, lamented their hard lot in a new form of solo song.

answer

the blues

question

Blue notes are variable pitches that occur on all of the following notes of the scale except the

answer

tonic

question

The classic form of the blues

answer

is strophic

question

Although it is closely related to its vocal model, the piano blues, also known as __________, is happy in mood and brisk in te

answer

boogie-woogie

question

Boogie-woogie has an improvised, syncopated melody over a distinctive, rhythmic __________ repeated in the bass

answer

ostinato

question

After the Civil War, musical instruments left over from military bands were readily and cheaply available, and black musicians in the New Orleans area began to play them in their own style

answer

True

question

Because its primary function is to provide accompaniment, the rhythm section in a jazz ensemble is the only part of the group that does not improvise

answer

False

question

Since the 1950s, the __________ has been added to the wide variety of solo instruments used in a jazz ensemble

answer

flute

question

The first important center of jazz was in

answer

New Orleans

question

was an important figure in the transition from ragtime to the New Orleans style of jazz

answer

Jelly Roll Morton

question

was an early jazz soloist whose improvisations on trumpet and cornet combined technical brilliance, melodic inventiveness and extraordinary emotional depth

answer

Louis Armstrong

question

It was in __________ in the 1920s that white musicians first formed combos of their own

answer

Chicago, IL

question

In the 1920s, white musicians first imitated the New Orleans style in what became known as __________ jazz

answer

Dixieland

question

jazz is exemplified by George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue.

answer

symphonic

question

made swing famous in the mid-1930s.

answer

Benny Goodman

question

Highly improvisatory, __________ has a fast tempo and a danceable beat, a "big band" version of what the early jazz musicians had been playing all along.

answer

swing

question

was an outstanding jazz pianist, big band leader, and arranger who also wrote a number of impressive concert works

answer

Duke Ellington

question

Charlie "Bird" Parker and the great jazz trumpet player __________ returned to the early ideals of jazz: improvisation, virtuosity, and close musical interaction within the ensemble

answer

Dizzie Gillespie

question

is considered the first modern jazz

answer

bebop

question

In the 1950s, __________ jazz offered a more subdued style with lyrical melodies, using instruments not commonly associated with jazz

answer

cool

question

Ornette Coleman and John Coltrane were among the leaders of __________ jazz in the 1960s

answer

free

question

music combines the instrumentation of concert music with the improvisation of jazz in a manner that preserves the style and integrity of each.

answer

third stream

1 of

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers

question

Contemporary composers represent a wide range of stylistic approaches that include traditionalists as well as modernists

answer

True

question

answer

False

question

composers share the conviction that Western music should evolve in an orderly and logical manner

answer

Mainstream

question

No single composer leads a specific movement identified as the dominant style of contemporary music

answer

True

question

Modal writing and references to Gregorian chant are just two examples of a renewed interest in __________ music among some twentieth-century composers

answer

Medieval

question

Two works that illustrate the use of Medieval concepts are Benjamin Britten's A Ceremony of Carols and Carl Orff's

answer

Carmina Burana

question

A group of French composers who embraced popular music, jazz, and theater music as an alternative to the "serious" artistic movements of the modern period were called

answer

Les Six

question

The members of "Les Six" included all of the following except

answer

Carl Orff

question

answer

Darius Milhaud

question

Like Webern, Milhaud lessened the effect of harsh dissonances by combining voices of unlike timbres and thereby encouraged linear rather than "chordal" listening

answer

True

question

In his search for new musical material upon which to base his compositions, Milhaud traveled widely, exploring the "exotic" sounds of jazz in America and of folk music in

answer

Brazil

question

Milhaud was first introduced to jazz in a Paris cafe, where he heard a traveling French jazz band perform.

answer

False

question

Milhaud wrote a number of pieces based upon jazz; one of the most attractive is his ballet

answer

La Creation du Monde.

question

Although nationalism was an important source of inspiration for Romantic composers in the late nineteenth century, in the modern era it has not been a significant factor in musical style

answer

False

question

The field of __________ is the scientific study of music

answer

musicology

question

The study of music of specific cultures is the science of

answer

ethnomusicology

question

For Bela Bartók, the folk music of __________ provided the most refreshing and provocative stimulus for the composition of art music.

answer

Eastern Europe

question

In addition to his talents as a composer and scholar, Bartók was also an accomplished

answer

pianist

question

Bartók's serious and scientific study of __________ music led him to become one of the first and finest ethnomusicolo

answer

folk

question

One of Bartók's early piano pieces, Allegro barbaro, has the narrow melodies, repetitive motives, and sharp, pounding rhythms associated with

answer

Primitivism

question

Bartók agreed with the Romantic composers who believed that the simple folk-song melodies were accompanied by the simplest chords

answer

False

question

Bartók's harmonic style included all of the following except

answer

total serialism

question

It has been suggested that Bartók was a composer of such stature as to rank with the three great "B's" of Western music; Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms.

answer

True

question

Bartók wrote the Mikrokosmos, a set of six __________ of graded difficulty

answer

piano books

question

Bartók's __________ are considered the finest since Beethoven's and are often compared with those of the late Viennese master for their strength and complexity.

answer

string quartets

question

Like many musicians of his day, Bela Bartók was fascinated with the new popular style called jazz, which he incorporated into many of his w

answer

False

question

In the early 1920s, __________ led the first generation of American composers determined to devote their professional lives to writing music

answer

Aaron Copland

question

An enormous influence on several generations of American composers, __________ was a gifted composition teacher who encouraged students to find their own, individual styles

answer

Nadia Boulanger

question

In the mid-1930s, Aaron Copland went through a change of style that included all of the following except

answer

) incorporating jazz elements into his music

question

In 1945, Copland won a Pulitzer Prize for his ballet, Fanfare for the Common Man, which was commissioned by the Martha Graham dance company, and eventually titled "Ballet for Martha

answer

False

question

Although many of George Gershwin's popular songs have become jazz standards, Gershwin himself is not considered a jazz musician or composer

answer

False

question

Gershwin bridged the gap between popular and art music by writing Rhapsody in Blue, which reflected the character of jazz and yet was acceptable to a "cultured" audience

answer

True

question

Gershwin composed the best known opera by an American composer

answer

Porgy and Bess

question

Although Arnold Schoenberg's twelve-tone music seems far removed from Gershwin's jazz-inspired works, the two composers were good friends and respected each other's work.

answer

True

question

The father of twentieth-century Neoclassicism is

answer

Igor Stravinsky

question

Stravinsky's ballet __________ is often cited as the first work in the Neoclassical style.

answer

Pulcinella

question

During the 1950s and 1960s, Stravinsky wrote several pieces based on Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique.

answer

True

question

answer

False

question

During the two decades between World Wars I and II, a renewed interest in the music of Bach and Haydn developed, resulting in __________ overshadowing all other styles

answer

Neoclassism

question

Audiences were attracted to all of the following features of Neoclassical music except

answer

the massive sound of the expanded orchestra

question

Russian composers in the communist era were encouraged to write music

answer

none

question

Prokofiev's Symphony no. 1, the Classical, was intended to sound as if ________ had written it in the twentieth century

answer

Haydn

question

approached the composition of music more as a craft than as an art; he played many orchestral instruments well and therefore knew how to write effectively for them

answer

Paul Hindemith

question

The German word for Hindemith's concept of functional or useful music is

answer

Singspiel

question

J. S. Bach's music is often compared with Paul Hindemith's in regard to form, since Hindemith made skillful application of the fugue, the toccata, and the concerto grosso

answer

True

question

Hindemith's ideas about music included all of the following except

answer

atonality was the inevitable goal of Western music

question

Certain dissonances, a free adaptation of tonal principles, and nontraditional combinations of voices and instruments combined with an emotionally expressive style are all features of contemporary

answer

Neoromaticism

question

answer

Samuel Barber

question

Philip Glass has evolved a style of music which is sometimes referred to as

answer

Minimalism

question

Minimalism is a systematic repetition of short melodic and rhythmic phrases which gradually change over a period of time, evolving into slightly varied patterns

answer

True

question

Like Philip Glass, __________ is often referred to as a minimalist, but he provides exact notation and firm directions in his scores

answer

Steve Reich

question

The first African American composer of Western art music to achieve significant success was

answer

William Grant Still

question

All of the following facts are TRUE regarding William Grant Still except

answer

he was accepted as a serious composer from the beginning

question

Several of William Grant Still's works have specific Afro-American effects such as the use of the banjo in his Afro-American Symphony

answer

True

question

became the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music

answer

Ellen Taaffe Zwilich

question

Music and _______, intimately related in Western culture since the time of the Greeks, beautifully complement each other

answer

drama

question

The best-known of all American operas, Porgy and Bess, is filled with the characteristics sounds of

answer

folk music

question

studied in Paris with Nadia Boulanger and learned non-western drumming techniques by studying the Balinese gamelan

answer

Philip Glass

question

The five-hour-long, plotless opera, Einstein on the Beach, is unusual in its organization as well as its music

answer

True

question

As American enthusiasm for European products waned during World War I, a new and exciting new genre known as __________ evolved on the Broadway stage.

answer

musical comedy

question

The earliest great musical from Broadway was

answer

Show Boat

question

Leonard Bernstein's musical West Side Story is a modern retelling of Shakespeare's

answer

Romeo and Juliet

question

in which several characters express their individual points of view simultaneously, vividly illustrates the impact of the ensemble in music theater.

answer

ensemble finale

question

was a pianist, conductor, and composer who made significant contributions to the Broadway musical, most notably West Side Story

answer

Leonard Bernstein

question

The American composer of musicals introduced concept musicals, which intentionally leave audiences wondering about their meaning and resolution

answer

Stephen Sondheim

question

Andrew Lloyd Webber dominated the musical stage on Broadway and in London during the _____________.

answer

1980s and 90s

question

The music for a movie, called the ____________, builds a sense of continuity by filling awkward pauses in action or dialogue.

answer

film score

question

music emanates from a source, such as radio or TV within a movie, and is evident to the characters and audience alike.

answer

Diagetic

question

produced some of Hollywood's finest orchestral film scores, to movies such as Casablanca, King Kong, and Gone with the Wind

answer

Max Steiner

question

adapted the symphony orchestra for the modern recording studio in his scores for such disaster films as The Poseidon Adventure, Towering Inferno, and Jaws.

answer

John Williams

question

During the 1890s, a popular type of music that was based upon black traditions marked particularly important steps in the evolution of jazz. This type of music was

answer

ragtime

question

A pre-jazz style that utilizes a syncopated melody accompanied by a steady beat in the bass is called

answer

ragtime

question

Ragtime has the steady __________ meter of a military march

answer

duple

question

Many Europeans were introduced to ragtime by the traveling United States Marine Band led by

answer

John Philip Sousa

question

Claude Debussy was influenced by American ragtime

answer

True

question

Treemonisha was an opera by the American composer

answer

Scott Joplin

question

is remembered today as the King of Ragtime.

answer

Scott Joplin

question

is often referred to as America's only truly indigenous music, unique to her culture and influential upon others

answer

Jazz

question

Every style of jazz involves some degree of improvisation

answer

True

question

The organizing structure around which jazz musicians improvise is a chart of patterns called

answer

chord changes

question

Jazz harmony is always tonal

answer

False

question

Jazz is the result of a unique blending in America of African harmony and instrumentation with European rhythmic and melodic techniques

answer

False

question

All of the following are true of many jazz styles except

answer

jazz rhythms are generally regular and are simple to perform

question

evolved in the American South sometime after the Civil War, as newly emancipated blacks, struggling in a hostile environment, lamented their hard lot in a new form of solo song.

answer

the blues

question

Blue notes are variable pitches that occur on all of the following notes of the scale except the

answer

tonic

question

The classic form of the blues

answer

is strophic

question

Although it is closely related to its vocal model, the piano blues, also known as __________, is happy in mood and brisk in te

answer

boogie-woogie

question

Boogie-woogie has an improvised, syncopated melody over a distinctive, rhythmic __________ repeated in the bass

answer

ostinato

question

After the Civil War, musical instruments left over from military bands were readily and cheaply available, and black musicians in the New Orleans area began to play them in their own style

answer

True

question

Because its primary function is to provide accompaniment, the rhythm section in a jazz ensemble is the only part of the group that does not improvise

answer

False

question

Since the 1950s, the __________ has been added to the wide variety of solo instruments used in a jazz ensemble

answer

flute

question

The first important center of jazz was in

answer

New Orleans

question

was an important figure in the transition from ragtime to the New Orleans style of jazz

answer

Jelly Roll Morton

question

was an early jazz soloist whose improvisations on trumpet and cornet combined technical brilliance, melodic inventiveness and extraordinary emotional depth

answer

Louis Armstrong

question

It was in __________ in the 1920s that white musicians first formed combos of their own

answer

Chicago, IL

question

In the 1920s, white musicians first imitated the New Orleans style in what became known as __________ jazz

answer

Dixieland

question

jazz is exemplified by George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue.

answer

symphonic

question

made swing famous in the mid-1930s.

answer

Benny Goodman

question

Highly improvisatory, __________ has a fast tempo and a danceable beat, a "big band" version of what the early jazz musicians had been playing all along.

answer

swing

question

was an outstanding jazz pianist, big band leader, and arranger who also wrote a number of impressive concert works

answer

Duke Ellington

question

Charlie "Bird" Parker and the great jazz trumpet player __________ returned to the early ideals of jazz: improvisation, virtuosity, and close musical interaction within the ensemble

answer

Dizzie Gillespie

question

is considered the first modern jazz

answer

bebop

question

In the 1950s, __________ jazz offered a more subdued style with lyrical melodies, using instruments not commonly associated with jazz

answer

cool

question

Ornette Coleman and John Coltrane were among the leaders of __________ jazz in the 1960s

answer

free

question

music combines the instrumentation of concert music with the improvisation of jazz in a manner that preserves the style and integrity of each.

answer

third stream

ch 28-30 – Flashcard

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards