Ch 28 – Flashcards

In hot weather, the testes are protected from the heat by a. relaxation of the dartos muscle. b. relaxation of the dartos muscle, contraction of the cremaster muscle, and movement to the outside of the pelvic cavity are all correct. c. contraction of the cremaster muscle. d. relaxation of the dartos muscle and contraction of the cremaster muscle are both correct. e. movement to the outside of the pelvic cavity.

Sperm are produced in which structure? a. A (tunica vaginalis) b. B (seminiferous tubule) c. C (rete testis) d. D (ductus epididymis) e. E (septum)

_________________ represent the first haploid stage of spermatogenesis. a. Spermatogonia b. Primary spermatocytes c. Secondary spermatocytes d. Spermatids e. Spermatozoa

The acrosome of a sperm contains the mitochondria needed for ATP production. a. True b. False

The ___________ is/are the longest of the male reproductive system ducts. a. straight tubules b. rete testes c. ductus epididymis d. ductus deferens e. ejaculatory duct

Which of the following correctly traces a sperm from its formation to ejaculation? (Note: not all structures are listed) a. straight tubules, rete testes, seminiferous tubules, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct b. straight tubules, rete testes, epididymis, seminiferous tubules, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct c. seminiferous tubules, straight tubules, rete testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct d. seminiferous tubules, rete testes, epididymis, straight tubules, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct e. seminiferous tubules, rete testes, straight tubules, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct

The prostate secretes all of the following EXCEPT a. sperm. b. citric acid. c. proteolytic enzymes. d. acid phosphatase. e. seminalplasmin.

Sperm comprise most of the volume of semen. a. True b. False

During erection and ejaculation, the corpus spongiosum penis a. is comprised of two dorsolateral masses. b. helps keep the spongy urethra open. c. contracts to prevent semen from entering the bladder. d. undergoes peristaltic contractions. e. helps supply lubricating fluid.

Testicular temperature control is accomplished through the actions of the a. corpora cavernosum penis and corpora spongiosum penis. b. dartos and cremaster muscles. c. tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea. d. corpora cavernosum penis and corpora spongiosum penis and dartos and cremaster muscles are correct. e. corpora cavernosum penis and corpora spongiosum penis, dartos and cremaster muscles, and tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea are correct.

The blood-testis barrier is formed by tight junctions between Sertoli (sustentacular) cells and neighboring spermatogonia. a. True b. False

Which correctly matches sperm structure with function? 1. head; contains 23 chromosomes 2. midpiece; makes protein 3. midpiece: makes ATP 4. tail; made of microfilaments 5. tail; made of microtubulesa. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 4 only e. 5 only f. 1, 3 and 5

Which of the following statements about accessory sex glands is CORRECT? a. Seminal vesicles produce about 25% of the volume of semen. b. Seminal vesicles help to decrease damage to sperm by secreting mucus. c. Bulbourethral glands secrete an acidic fluid that contributes about 60% of the volume of semen that contributes to sperm motility and viability. d. The prostate secretes an acidic fluid containing several substances including citric acid, which may be used for ATP production. e. The prostate secretes an alkaline fluid containing fructose, and helps to neutralize the acidic environment of the male and female reproductive tracts.

The duct of each seminal vesicle fuses with the a. ejaculatory duct b. ampulla of the vas deferens c. the ducts of the prostate and bulbourethral glands d. urethra e. epididymis

The ovaries are held in position in the pelvic cavity by the 1. ovarian ligament. 2. suspensory ligament. 3. uterine tubes.a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 2 are correct e. 1, 2, and 3 are correct

During oogenesis, the first haploid stage is the a. oogonium. b. primary oocyte. c. secondary oocyte. d. ovum. e. zygote.

The uterine tubes form a direct connection between the ovaries and the uterus. a. True b. False

Which of the following statements about the uterus is NOT correct? a. The uterus is anterior to the urinary bladder. b. The fundus is the portion of the uterus that is superior to the uterine tubes. c. The isthmus is located between the body of the uterus and the cervix. d. The internal os is the superior opening of the cervical canal. e. The cervix projects inferiorly and posteriorly.

The extensive blood supply of the uterus is essential to support regrowth of a new stratum basalis following menstruation. a. True b. False

The mucosa of the vagina consists of a. simple squamous epithelium which allow for diffusion of waste products and nutrients. b. stratified squamous epithelium which provides some protection against friction. c. pseudostratified columnar epithelium which increases secretion of mucus. d. transitional epithelium which allows for expansion during childbirth and intercourse. e. stratified cuboidal epithelium which allows for regular regeneration of the vaginal lining.

Which of the following structures of the vulva is homologous to the scrotum? a. mons pubis b. labia majora c. labia minora d. clitoris e. vestibule

Milk takes the following course from the alveoli to the nipple: a. secondary tubules, mammary ducts, lactiferous sinuses, lactiferous ducts b. mammary ducts, secondary tubules, lactiferous sinuses, lactiferous ducts c. lactiferous sinuses, lactiferous ducts, mammary ducts, secondary tubules d. lactiferous ducts, mammary ducts, secondary tubules, lactiferous sinuses e. secondary tubules, lactiferous sinuses, lactiferous ducts, mammary ducts

Indicate differences between oogenesis and spermatogenesis 1. final number of gametes produced 2. timing of meiosis II 3. timing of onset of prophase I 4. final number of chromosomes in the mature gametea. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 4 only e. 1, 2, and 3

Fertilization of an ovum normally occurs in the a. ovary. b. infundibulum of the uterine tube. c. ampulla of the uterine tube. d. isthmus of the uterine tube. e. fundus of the uterus.

The body of the uterus usually projects ______ the urinary bladder. a. anteriorly and superiorly over b. posteriorly and superiorly over c. anteriorly and inferiorly under d. posteriorly and inferiorly under e. anteriorly and inferiorly over

Which of the following stages of oogenesis is correctly paired with the corresponding stage of follicular development? a. oogonium - primary follicle b. primary oocyte - Graafian follicle c. secondary oocyte - secondary follicle d. secondary oocyte - mature follicle e. ovum - mature follicle

At different times, cervical mucus may a. become less viscous and more alkaline at the time of ovulation. b. form a cervical plug to impede sperm penetration. c. supplement the energy needs of sperm. d. aid in capacitation of sperm. e. All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following are NOT homologous structures? a. ovaries: testes b. labia majora: scrotum c. clitoris: spongy urethra d. paraurethral glands: prostate e. greater vestibular glands: bulbourethral glands

The mammary gland is a modified sweat gland. a. True b. False

Polar bodies contain: a. chromosomes b. cytoplasm with nutrients c. organelles d. mRNA to direct protein synthesis e. all of these choices

Which is released at ovulation? a. an ovum b. a secondary oocyte c. a primary oocyte d. an oogonium

Estrogen secretion may be stimulated by 1. FSH. 2. LH 3. progesterone.a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 2 e. 1, 2, and 3

The secretory phase of the uterine cycle is associated with a. increased secretion of progesterone and formation of the corpus albicans. b. increased secretion of progesterone and formation of the corpus luteum. c. increased secretion of luteinizing hormone and rupture of the mature follicle. d. increased secretion of estrogen and maturation of the secondary follicle. e. increased secretion of follicle stimulating hormone and ovulation.

The female reproductive cycle includes events that occur in both the uterus and the ovary. a. True b. False

Which is NOT a function of estrogens? a. promoting development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics. b. increasing protein anabolism. c. increasing blood cholesterol. d. inhibiting release of GnRH by the hypothalamus. e. inhibiting secretion of FSH and LH by the anterior pituitary.

A follicle that begins to develop at the beginning of a particular menstrual cycle may not be ovulated until several cycles later. a. True b. False

The last part of the preovulatory phase is characterized by a. positive feedback caused by high levels of estrogen acting on cells releasing GnRH. b. positive feedback caused by high levels of progesterone acting on cells secreting estrogen. c. negative feedback caused by high levels of estrogen acting on cells releasing GnRH. d. negative feedback caused by high levels of progesterone acting on cells secreting estrogen. e. negative feedback from high levels of progesterone acting on cells releasing GnRH.

The corpus luteum may 1. degenerate into a corpus albicans if fertilization did not occur. 2. be rescued from degeneration by HCG if fertilization occurred. 3. continue to produce estrogen until the next follicle is ovulated.a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 2 are correct e. 1, 2, and 3 are correct

When is the stratum functionalis the thickest? a. in the preovulatory phase b. at ovulation c. in the post ovulatory phase d. in the menstrual phase e. the thickness of the stratum functionalis does not change

Which blood vessels directly supply the stratum basalis? a. spiral arterioles b. straight arterioles c. ovarian arteries d. uterine artery e. arcuate artery

Combined oral contraceptives decrease the likelihood of pregnancy by a. suppressing FSH and LH. b. preventing development of a dominant follicle in the ovary. c. blocking implantation in the uterus. d. inhibiting transport of ova and sperm in the uterine tubes. e. all of these choices.

Intrauterine devices and spermacides can protect against some sexually transmitted diseases. a. True b. False

An oral contraceptive pill targeting gonadotropin-releasing hormone in males could decrease fertility while maintaining libido and other testosterone-driven functions. a. True b. False

The oogonium and the spermatogonium a. develop directly from cells that develop in the gonads b. are derived from the mesoderm c. are derived from the ectoderm d. are derived from the placenta e. are derived from the yolk sack

Puberty in both males and females is marked by bursts of secretion of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones. a. True b. False

The decreased production of estrogen observed during menopause is the result of decreased secretion of FSH and LH. a. True b. False