Ch 14 Social Psychology – Flashcards

Evaluations of people, objects, ideas, and behavior.

The type of mental processing that occurs when a persuasive message is evaluated by thoughtful consideration of the issues and arguments.

The type of mental processing that occurs when a persuasive message is evaluated on the basis of irrelevant or extraneous factors.

The mental conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts (referred to as cognitions).

The cognitive processes by which people understand and make sense of others and themselves.

Sets of cognition about people and social examples

The major traits considered in forming impressions of others.

The theory that considers how we decide, on the basis of samples of a person's behavior, what the specific causes of that behavior are.

Causes of behavior that are external to a person.

Perceived causes of behavior brought about by a person's traits or personality characteristics.

Whether the cause of behavior of due to situational or dispositional factors.

A phenomenon in which an initial understanding that a person has positive traits is used to other uniformly positive characteristics.

the tendency to think of people as being similar to oneself even when meeting them for the first time.

The tendency to attribute personal success to personal factors (skill, ability, or effort) and to attribute failure to factors outside oneself.

A tendency to overattribute others' behavior to dispositional causes and minimize the importance of situational causes.

The scientific study of the ways in which people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others and the nature and causes of individual behavior in social situations.

People form impressions of others in part through the use of central traits personality characteristics that receive unusually heavy emphasis when we form an impression.

Even though logical processes are involved, attribution is prone to error. For instance, people are susceptible to the halo effect, assumed-similarity bias, self-serving bias, and fundamental attribution error (the tendency to over-attribute others' behavior to dispositional causes and the corresponding failure to recognize the importance of situational causes.)

An evaluation of a particular person, behavior, belief, or concept is called

One brand of peanut butter advertises its product by describing its taste and nutritional value. It is hoping to persuade customers through ______ route processing. In ads for a competing brand, a popular actor happily eats the product-but does not describe it. This approach hopes to persuade customers through ____________route processing.

False, we typically change our attitude and not our behavior to reduce cognitive dissonance.

Halo effect

The process by which social groups and individuals exert pressure on an individual, either deliberately or unintentionally.

Two or more people who interact with one another, perceive themselves as part of a group, and are interdependent.

A change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people.

The social standing of someone in a group.

a group member whose dissenting views make nonconformity to the group easier.

a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternative points of view.

Behavior that occurs in response to direct social pressure.

The branch of psychology focusing on work and job related issues, including worker motivation, satisfaction, safety, and productivity.

A change in behavior in response to the commands of others.

Conformity and Compliance

or person who agrees with the dissenting viewpoint, is likely to reduce conformity.

Asch

Foot in the Door

technique begins with an outrageous request that makes a subsequent, smaller request seem reasonable.

is a change in behavior that is due to another person's disorders.

A set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a particular group and its members.

A negative (or positive) evaluation of a particular group and its members.

Behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group.

attitudes about a group of members

behavior directed to a group and its members.

The subfield of social psychology that seeks to identify the neurological basis of social behavior.

a person wants to share and those they want to hide

True

Prejudice

Paul is a store manager who does not expect women to succeed in business. He therefore offers important, high-profile responsibilities only to men. If the female employees fail to move up in the company, it could be an example of a ______prophecy.

Positive feelings for others; liking and loving

A tendency to like those who like us.

A state of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal, psychological interest and caring for the needs of another.

The strong affection we have for those with whom our lives are deeply involved.

The intentional injury of, or harm to, another person.

The process of discharging built up aggressive energy.

Helping behavior

The belief that responsibility for intervening is shared, or diffused, among those present.

Behavior meant to help another person without regard for self-interest.

does not need to have a self-sacrificing component.

contains an element or self-sacrifice.

We tend to like people who are similar to us. True

Passion, intimacy, decision/commitment

Reward him if he doesn't fight during a certain period.

If a person in a crowd does not help in an apparent emergency situation because many other people are present, that person is falling victim to the phenomenon of