Ch 14 & 15 – Religious Wars and Absolutism/Constitutionalism (AP Practice Test ) – Flashcards
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b (ultimate authority rests solely in the hands of a king who rules by divine right)
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Absolutism means a. the real power in any state must be religious and exercised by churchmen b. ultimate authority rests solely in the hands of a king who rules by divine right c. subordinate powers have an absolute right to advise the king on conducting the affairs of state d. no matter how humble, male citizens have an absolute right to participate in politics
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b (strengthening the central role of the monarchy in domestic and foreign policy)
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2. As Louis XIII's chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu was most successful in a. evicting the Huguenot presence from France b. strengthening the central role of the monarchy in domestic and foreign policy c. creating a reservoir of funds for the treasury d. emerging victorious in the French revolts of the nobility
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d (French citizens looking to the monarch for stability)
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3. The series of noble revolts known as the Fronde resulted in a. the assassination of Cardinal Mazarin in 1661 b. renewed power for the Parlement of Paris c. a unified noble army securing and increasing its own power d. French citizens looking to the monarch for stability
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c (restructuring and centralizing governmental administration)
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4. Louis XIV's first step in transforming the French state into an absolute monarchy was a. gaining control of the military b. decreasing the power of the French merchants c. restructuring and centralizing governmental administration d. dismissing Mazarin's advisors
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e (a and b)
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5. Louis XIV restructured the policy-making machinery of the French government by a. personally dominating the actions of his ministers and secretaries b. stacking the royal council with loyal followers from relatively new aristocratic families c. selecting his ministers from established aristocratic families d. all of the above e. a and b
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c (were based on the economic theory of mercantilism that stressed government regulation of economic affairs to benefit the state)
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6. The economic policies of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV's controller general of finances a. were noted for their innovation and originality b. used new accounting practices to take the tax burden off the peasants c. were based on the economic theory of mercantilism that stressed government regulation of economic affairs to benefit the state d. gave Louis the large surplus in the treasury needed to carry out his wars
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b (Versailles)
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7. The costly palace built by Louis XIV, that became the envy of all European monarchs, was a. Fontainebleau b. Versailles c. Aix-la-Chapelle d. Avignon
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b (his desire to insure the dominance of France and his Bourbon dynasty in all Europe)
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8. The chief reason for the wars of Louis XIV was a. to reduce the power of the Hapsburgs b. his desire to insure the dominance of France and his Bourbon dynasty in all Europe c. to destroy the commercial superiority of the Dutch d. to gain ports on the Adriatic Sea
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a (to exclude the high nobility and royal princes from real power)
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9. The overall practical political purpose of the court of Versailles was a. to exclude the high nobility and royal princes from real power b. to serve as Louis XIV's residence from which to survey Paris c. to act as a reception hall for state affairs d. to give Louis XIV a life of privacy away from spies
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b (revoked the earlier Edict of Nantes, curtailed the rights of French Protestants, and caused thousands of highly skilled Huguenots to flee the country)
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10. Louis XIV's Edict of Fontainebleau a. created new ranks of intendents to govern various regions of France b. revoked the earlier Edict of Nantes, curtailed the rights of French Protestants, and caused thousands of highly skilled Huguenots to flee the country c. established new standards of court etiquette and was intended to diminish the power of great nobles d. removed most French bishops from their positions and replaced them with nobles to strengthen Louis' control of the French Catholic Church
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b (was not really an empire at all but rather a loose association of 300 German states)
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11. After 1648, the Holy Roman Empire a. became one of the most powerful and centralized monarchies in Europe under the domination of Spanish grandees b. was not really an empire at all but rather a loose association of 300 German states c. was not really divided into three great warring states: Prussia, Poland, Silesia d. continued to acknowledge the temporal power of the pope
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c (was characterized by a highly oppressive system of serfdom)
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12. Russian society in the seventeenth century a. witnessed the reign of Ivan the terrible b. witnessed profound religious reforms in the Russian Orthodox church c. was characterized by a highly oppressive system of serfdom d. saw the rise of the merchant class to power
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a (His program of Europeanization was predominantly technical and aimed at modernizing the military.)
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14. Which of the following statements best applies to Peter the Great of Russia? a. His program of Europeanization was predominantly technical and aimed at modernizing the military. b. His respect for western governments led to increased powers for the Duma. c. His traditional, conservative attitude stripped away all previous social gains for women. d. His desire to teach Russians western customs could not be enforced among the old-fashioned nobles.
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d (Peter the Great)
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13. The most significant Romanov ruler of the 18th century was a. Ivan the Terrible b. Nicholas III c. Olaf the Great d. Peter the Great
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a (as the opening of a warm-water accessible to Europe)
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15. Peter the Great's foreign policy had its primary goal a. as the opening of a warm-water accessible to Europe b. as the destruction of the Ottoman Empire c. as the capture of the Scandinavian countries d. as the control of Constantinople and the Dardanelles
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b (Sweden become a second-rate power after the Great Northern War)
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16. Scandinavia in the 17th and 18th centuries witnessed a. Denmark expand so as to dominate the Baltic b. Sweden become a second-rate power after the Great Northern War c. Sweden and Denmark join forces to defeat and occupy Poland in 1660. d. the economic dominance of Sweden over the rest of northern Europe
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b (the economic prosperity of the United Provinces ruined by series of wars late in the century)
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17. The "Golden Age" of the Dutch Republic in the 17th century witnessed a. William become the first in a line of hereditary monarchs b. the economic prosperity of the United Provinces ruined by series of wars late in the century c. the temporary weakening of States General d. all of the above
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b (insisting on his right to govern through Divine Right)
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18. James I of England alienated most of the members of Parliament by a. encouraging an alliance with Spain b. insisting on his right to govern through Divine Right c. persecuting Puritans d. lavishly spending money on the English army
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b (maintained that the king could pass no new tax without the consent of Parliament)
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19. The Petition of Right (1628), among other things, a. stated that the King of England was elected b. maintained that the king could pass no new tax without the consent of Parliament c. restored order in the English military d. made the English monarchy purely ceremonial
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c (of the effectiveness of Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army)
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20. The Parliamentarians were successful in the English Civil War because a. the received aid from the French b. their weaponry was superior to that of the King's forces c. of the effectiveness of Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army d. their army was much larger than the Royalist Army
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b (James II)
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21. The devout Catholic English monarch who instigated a constitutional crisis for England in 1687 - 1688 was a. Charles II b. James II c. William I d. Charles IV
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b (bloodlessly deposing James II in favor of William of Orange)
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22. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 in England was significant for a. restoring Charles II and the Stuart dynasty to power b. bloodlessly deposing James II in favor of William of Orange c. returning England to a Catholic commonwealth d. Parliament's establishment of a new monarch through a series of bloody wars
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c (the birth of a Catholic son)
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23. The incident that prompted the nobles to dispose James II was a. his marriage to the Duchess of Orange b. the death of his first wife c. the birth of a Catholic son d. a religious alliance with France
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a (laid the foundation for a future constitutional monarchy)
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24. The English Bill of Rights a. laid the foundation for a future constitutional monarchy b. resolved England's 17th century religious questions c. reaffirmed the divine right theory of kingship while limiting the king's power d. confirmed the king's right to raise standing armies without parliamentary consent
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b (to institute the intendant system to oversee the provinces)
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25. Probably the most important step Cardinal Richelieu took to strengthen centralized government and an absolutists monarchy in France was a. to involve France in the Thirty Year's War b. to institute the intendant system to oversee the provinces c. to levy taxes on the clergy and nobility d. to destroy the musketeers e. to ban private duels within the realm
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e (his belief in the divine right of kings)
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26. When Louis XIV said "L'etat, c'est moi," he was referring to a. his role as an enlighten depot with the peoples' best interests in mind b. his assumption of the role of his own prime minister upon the death of Mazarin c. his tile as Sun King d. his resistance to the Frondeurs e. his belief in the divine right of kings
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b (The king may maintain a standing army without the consent of the Parliament)
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27. Which of the following was not provision of the Declaration of Rights, 1689? a. Only Parliament can levy taxes b. The king may maintain a standing army without the consent of the Parliament c. All laws must be made with the consent of Parliament d. The right to trial by jury is guaranteed e. Due process of law is guaranteed
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a (a Protestant noble rebellion against the Catholic ruler Ferdinand in Bohemia)
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1. The event that sparked the Thirty Years' War was a. a Protestant noble rebellion against the Catholic ruler Ferdinand in Bohemia b. the invasion of France by Fredrick IV c. the Spanish conquest of the Netherlands and subsequent local enforcement of the bloody Inquisition d. the overthrow of Spanish rule in the new world by roving bands of Dutch pirates
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c (German states were allowed to determine their religion)
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2. As a result of the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 a. the German population was to be converted to Catholicism b. all German states could choose their own religion, except Calvinism c. German states were allowed to determine their religion d. the institution of the Holy Roman Empire was to be the ruling force in Germany for the next 100 years
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b (France)
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3. Following the Thirty Years' War, what country became dominant in Europe? a. Sweden b. France c. Germany d. Spain
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b (witnessed the devastation of much of the German countryside)
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4. The Thirty Year's War a. was largely confined to agreed upon battlefields b. witnessed the devastation of much of the German countryside c. was fought according to chivalric codes d. was fought mainly in Italy
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e (all of the above)
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5. The Thirty Year's War a. was a religious struggle between Catholics and Protestants b. was an attempt by the princes of Germany to diminish the influence of the Holy Roman Empire c. was an attempt by France to limit Hapsburg power d. involved most of the major states of Europe e. all of the above
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e (economic, political, and religious tensions in the relations between the Netherlands and Spain)
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6. The revolt in the Netherlands was largely inspired by a. an economy that was mired in recession b. English support for the Dutch rebels c. strict language laws imposed by the Spanish that blocked the use of Dutch for official correspondence d. the failure of the Netherlands and Spain to agree on how best to use the wealth created from the vast Spanish oversees empire e. economic, political, and religious tensions in the relations between the Netherlands and Spain
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e (the refusal of the politiques to view France as anything other than a purely Catholic nation)
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7. The French Wars of Religion involved all of the following except a. aristocratic resentment at royal authority b. antagonism between Calvinists and Catholics c. a weakened monarchy following the death of Henry II d. Spanish interference in French political affairs e. the refusal of the politiques to view France as anything other than a purely Catholic nation
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c (wanted to gain control over Paris)
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8. At the end of the French Wars of Religion, Henry IV converted from Calvinism to Catholicism because he a. was threatened with death unless he converted b. had genuine differences with Calvinist teachings c. wanted to gain control over Paris d. had undergone a genuine religious conversion e. hoped to gain the support of Catholic Spain
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c (Lutheran dissatisfaction with the Peace of Augsburg)
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9. The Thirty Year's War resulted from all of the following except a. the Counter-Reformation b. the growing power of the Habsburgs c. Lutheran dissatisfaction with the Peace of Augsburg d. religious conflict in Bohemia e. the expansion of Calvinism in the Holy Roman Empire
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c (Edict of Nantes)
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10. Henry IV provided French Huguenots with the right to practice their religion through the a. Edict of Potsdam b. Edict of Fontainebleau c. Edict of Nantes d. agreement with the Papacy e. Peace of Westphalia
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b (recognized the independence of the Netherlands)
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11. The Peace of Westphalia (1648) a. transferred Louisiana from France to Britain b. recognized the independence of the Netherlands c. recognized the unity of the German empire d. recognized the primacy of Russia in the Baltic
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c (Swedish king, Gustavus Adolphus)
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12. During the Thirty Years' War, the Lutheran movement was saved from extinction by the military intervention of which foreign monarch? a. French king, Philip the Fair b. English king, Henry VIII c. Swedish king, Gustavus Adolphus d. Austrian Emperor, Charles V e. Spanish king, Philip II
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a (secular government in which religion plays no role )
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13. Which of the following forms of government would most likely win the approval of a politique? a. secular government in which religion plays no role b. theocracy c. parliamentary government d. Huguenot government e. government based on the ideas of Pope Innocent III
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d (Thirty Years' War)
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14. The Defenestration of Prague was a cause of which war? a. War of Spanish Succession b. Hundred Years' War c. War of Jenkins Ear d. Thirty Years' War e. War of Austrian Succession
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a (it banned Huguenot military forces and fortresses)
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15. All of the following statements about the Edict of Nantes are true except a. it banned Huguenot military forces and fortresses b. it promoted religious toleration c. it guaranteed freedom of worship for French Calvinists d. it followed a major civil war in France e. it was revoked by Louis XIV
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b (the Protestant monarchs of the Dutch Republic and Sweden)
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16. In the final stages of the Thirty Years' War, Cardinal Richelieu of France sent aid to a. the Catholic Austrian Hapsburgs b. the Protestant monarchs of the Dutch Republic and Sweden c. the Catholic Spanish Hapsburgs d. Russia e. Prussia
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e (saw Danish troops fighting on the side of the German Protestants)
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17. The Thirty Years' War a. began when the Bohemians attempted to place a Catholic on the throne b. served to promote German unity c. did not involve France d. resulted in the expulsion of the Ottoman Turks from the Balkans e. saw Danish troops fighting on the side of the German Protestants
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e (England)
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18. All of the following states were military involved in the Thirty Years' War except a. Sweden b. Austria c. France d. Denmark e. England
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a (France)
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19. Where did the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre occur? a. France b. England c. Spain d. The Netherlands
