question

How many Americans use tobacco?

answer

69.6 million Americans

question

__% of Americans age 118 described themselves as current smokers.

answer

20

question

Nicotine

answer

Powerful psychoactive drug Reaches brain via bloodstream in seconds Most physically addictive of the psychoactive drugs

question

Loss of Control

answer

Inability to quit when you want. Getting tobacco becomes one's main concern; becoming irritable after 40 minutes without tobacco; schedule revolves around need for tobacco

question

Tobacco

answer

Leaves of cultivated tobacco plants prepared for smoking, chewing, or use as snuff

question

Established habits or cues can ______ smoking.

answer

Trigger

question

Secondary Reinforcers

answer

Act with physiological addiction to keep user dependent

question

CYP2A6

answer

Influences the way in which nicotine is metabolized Slower forms cause nicotine to stay in system longer

question

DRD2

answer

Dopamine plays a key role in pleasurable effects of nicotine; some forms of this gene making smoking more pleasurable for some than others

question

Are men or women more likely to smoke?

answer

Men

question

What ethnicity is most likely to smoke?

answer

Blacks

question

What education level is most likely to smoke?

answer

GED

question

90% of all new smokers in the country are ______ and _______.

answer

Children Teenagers

question

Average age to begin smoking and spit tobacco?

answer

13-smoking 10-spit tobacco

question

Characteristics which increase potential for tobacco use.

answer

Parent/sibling uses Peer use Blue-collar family Low-income home Single parent Poor performance in school Drops out of school Positive attitude towards tobacco

question

Tobacco adversely affects what?

answer

Nearly every part of the body

question

Unfiltered cigarettes

answer

5 billion particles per cubic mm

question

Tobacco contains _________ times more particles than polluted urban air

answer

50,000

question

Tar

answer

Brown, sticky mass created when the chemical particles in tobacco smoke condense

question

Carcinogen

answer

Any substance that can cause cancer

question

Number of carcinogens in tobacco smoke

answer

69 Includes benxo(a)pyrene Urethane

question

Cocarcinogen

answer

A substance that works with a carcinogen to cause cancer

question

Poisonous substances in tobacco smoke

answer

Arsenic Hydrogen cyanide

question

How much Carbon Monoxide is in cigarettes?

answer

400 times greater than is considered safe in industrial workplaces

question

Carbon Monoxide

answer

Displaces oxygen in red blood cells

question

How many additives are in tobacco smoke?

answer

Nearly 600 chemicals

question

No such thing as a _____ cigarette.

answer

safe

question

Issue with low-tar, low-nicotine, or filtered cigarettes

answer

Users often smoke more

question

Menthol Cigarette

answer

70% of African-American smokers use this. Has an anesthetizing effect, meaning you inhale more deeply and hold smoke longer in the lungs

question

Menthol

answer

Opens the lungs to make it easier for nicotine to get in bloodstream

question

Why is it harder blacks to quit smoking?

answer

They absorb more nicotine and metabolize it slower

question

Immediate effects of tobacco smoke

answer

Either excites or tranquilizes the nervous system Stimulate cerebral cortex Stimulates discharge or adrenaline

question

Mild nicotine poisoning

answer

Usually on experienced by beginning smokers

question

Physiological effects of tobacco smoke

answer

Inhibits formation of urine constricts blood vessels (esp. in skin) Accelerates heart rate Elevates blood pressure (requires heart to work harder) Depresses hunger Dull taste buds

question

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

answer

Cardiovascular disease caused by hardening of the arteries that supply oxygen to the heart muscle

question

Atherosclerosis

answer

Caused by the deposit of fatty substances (plaque) in the walls of arteries. Leads to CHD.

question

Plaque

answer

Deposit on the inner wall of blood vessels Blood can coagulate around this and form a clot

question

Angina pectoris

answer

Chest pain due to coronary disease; primary symptom of CHD; results when heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen

question

Myocadial infarcation

answer

Heart attack caused by complete blockage of main coronary artery

question

Stroke

answer

Sudden interference with the circulation of blood in a part of the brain, resulting in the destruction of brain cells

question

Aortic Aneurysm

answer

A bulge in the aorta caused by weakening in its walls

question

Pulmonary heart disease

answer

A disorder of the right side of the hearts, caused by changes in the blood vessels of the lungs

question

Long-Term Effects of Tobacco Use

answer

Cardiovascular Disease Lung and other cancers Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Other respiratory damage

question

Lung Cancer

answer

Cigarette smoking is primary cause; risk of developing this increases with cigarettes smoked per day

question

Possible cancers resulting from Cigarette smoking

answer

Trachea Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Larynx Pancreas Bladder Kidney Breast Cervix Stomach Liver Colon Skin

question

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

answer

Caused by stress placed on the lungs from smoking

question

Emphysema

answer

Disease characterized by loss of lung tissue elasticity and destruction of the air sacs, impairing the lungs' ability to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide

question

Chronic Bronchitis

answer

Recurrent, persistent inflammation of the bronchial tubes

question

Other respiratory damages caused by smoking

answer

Destruction of cilia (protect bronchial tubes) caused by mucus production leads to smoker's cough, shortness of breath, worsening of allergies and asthma

question

Additional health, cosmetic, and economic concerns of smoking

answer

ulcers impotence reproductive health problems dental disease diminished physical senses injuries cosmetic concerns economic costs

question

Smoking decreases ________ and increases ________.

answer

Lifespan illness and rate of acute and chronic disease

question

Other forms of Tobacco

answer

Spit Tobacco Cigar and Pipes Clover cigarettes and Bidis Hookah E-cigs

question

Spit Tobacco

answer

Used by more than 8.1 million adults 9% of all high school students

question

Cigar and Pipes

answer

Increased steadily since the early 1990s

question

Clover cigarettes and Bidis

answer

2x the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide of regular cigarettes

question

E-cigarettes

answer

Don't contain tobacco

question

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)

answer

AKA secondhand smoke Class A carcinogen by EPA Even brief exposure can cause harm, no safe level

question

Mainstream smoke

answer

Smoke exhaled by smokers

question

Sidestream Smoke

answer

Smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe 2x the tar and nicotine 3x the benzo(a)pyrene and ammonia 85% of smoke in a room is second hand

question

How dangerous is smoke from cigars?

answer

Even more dangerous Containt 30 times more Carbon monoxide

question

Effects of ETS

answer

Cough, headache, nasal discomfort, eye irritation, breathlessness, sinus problems, allergies exacerbated, increased asthma attacks

question

ETS causes ________ deaths due to lung cancer

answer

3,000

question

ETS contributes to about _________ overall deaths each year

answer

35,000

question

Infants and children exposed to ETS are more likely to develop

answer

bronchitis, pneumonia, & respiratory infections Complications from asthma Low-birth weight

question

Why are the effects of ETS so much greater on children?

answer

Children inhale 3x more pollutants per unit of body weight than adults

question

Chemicals from smoking show up in _____ _____, which effects infants.

answer

breast milk

question

How does one avoid ETS

answer

speak up Display reminders don't allow smoking in your home open a window sit in nonsmoking section fight for smoke-free environment discuss quitting strategies

question

Causes of smoking on pregnancy

answer

miscarriage, premature birth, low birth weight, long term impairments in growth and intellectual development Possibly higher risk of cancer

question

___% of pregnant women smoke

answer

16

question

Costs of tobacco use on society

answer

$167 billion per year

question

1998 Master Settlement Agreement (MSA)

answer

Tobacco companies ahve to pay $206 billion over 25 years Limits or bans certain types of advertising, promotions, and lobbying

question

FDA actions against tobacco

answer

Strict rules on marketing, especially to minors Ban terms (light, mild, or low) in advertising Health warnings Detailed disclosure of ingredients Content standards Ban all flavorings (except menthol) Regulate "reduced harm" products Minimum smoking age of 18 Prohibit free samples Protect states' ability to pass other tobacco control laws

question

World Health Organization (WHO) action against smoking

answer

World No Tobacco Day (May 31) No smoking on international flights

question

Options for quitting

answer

Smoking cessation programs Hotlines Products (Chantix, Zyban) nicotine replacement products

CH 11 Tobacco Use – Flashcards

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